AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 139 
pale rufescent-buff or stone colour to bright fulvous red, varied with erey shades. In some specimens the 
ordinary strigze and other markings are almost obsolete; whilst in others they are distinct, consisting of a small 
blackish dot near the base of the wing, followed by an oblique striga formed of pale scallops, edged with 
blackish but becoming obsolete towards the costa, which is, however, marked with two dots indicatin g its place. 
This is succeeded by the anterior stigma, which is very small, and forms an oblique blackish short line; the 
other stigma is much larger, but rather narrower and oblique in the opposite direction; to its inner edge is 
united a curved striga formed of small dark scallops, terminating in a black dot on the costa half-way below 
the stigmata; another black stigmal dot is placed in front of the second stigma, beyond which is a slightly- 
curved pale striga edged before and behind with dusky scallops, followed by another submarginal, pale, very 
indistinct striga, indicated by black dots and by a black patch on the costa; the extreme margin of the wing is 
also marked with a row of black dots. Such is the variety represented in our figure 6. Our figure 4 represents 
another variety, in which most of these markings may be traced, appearing, however, only in a grey shade upon 
the red-brown ground colour of the wing; whilst our figure 5 represents another beautiful variety, in which 
the ground colour is bright red-brown, with nearly all the markings obliterated, except those of the costa and 
the stigmata. 
There are likewise a great number of other varieties, as indicated in the synonymes ; but all these are obtained 
from similar larve, which are green, with a whitish or reddish lateral streak and pale dots: they feed on 
the Centaurea Scabiosa and Ranunculus bulbosus; and the moth appears in September and October, and may be 
taken on the flowers of the ivy, like most of the species of this division of this genus (Douglas in 
Entomol. p. 66). 

SPECIES 18.—ORTHOSIA HUMILIS. Prary XXVIL., Fie. 7, 8. 
Synonymes.—Woctua humilis, Fabricius; Boisduval; Hiibner; Noctua lunosa, Haworth; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 10, 
Treitschke ; Duponchel. fig. 183; Curtis, Brit. Ent. pl. 237. 
This handsome but variable species measures from 13 to 13 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are 
slightly acuminate at the tip, and of an ochre brown, varying to ashy brown, with the costa and veins whitish ; 
near the base of the wing is a pale bent striga, edged with dusky or reddish brown ; the two ordinary stigmata 
are distinct and rather small, dark-coloured, and encircled by a pale whitish line ; a dusky striga runs from the 
hind part of the posterior stigma obliquely to the posterior margin of the wing, and is followed by a curved 
pale striga edged with dusky both before and behind ; beyond which is a row of dusky dots, those next the 
costa being the most elongated ; and the margin is marked with a row of small dark spots: the cilia is spotted 
with brown. The hind wings are shining, of a yellowish or brownish white, speckled with black, with a brown 
lunule in the middle, and an interrupted row of brown spots near the margin, which is, moreover, spotted with 
brown ; the cilia ochre-coloured. Numerous varieties occur, both in the tint of the ground-colour of the wings, 
and in the strength of the markings, some of which are occasionally obsolete. The moth is not by any means 
rare, being found in the woods round London, and in various other parts of the kingdom, in September, 
frequenting the flowers of the ivy. 

SPECIES 14.—ORTHOSIA LOTA. Prare XXVIII., Fie. 9. 
Synonyme.—Phal. Bomb. Lota, Linn.; Fabr.; Treitschke ; Hiibner; Haworth; Boisduval; Stephens; Wood, Ind, Ent., pl. 10, fig. 184. 
This species varies from 14 to 14 inch in the expansion of the fore wings, which are of an ashy brown colour, 
with several black dots on the costa, connected with pale ones indicating the origin of the ordinary strigz, 
which are very obscure ; a very conspicuous black dot on the hinder stigma, which, as well as the anterior, is 
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