AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 151 
SPECIES 1—AMPHIPYRA PYRAMIDEA, Prate XXX,, Fre. 11, 12. 
Synonymes.—Phal. Noctua pyramidea, Linneus ; Fabr. ; Treitschke ; Hiibner; Donovan, vol 6, pl. 193 ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent 
* , : 5 9 . . 
pl. 11, fig. 213. 
This species varies from 12 to 2 inches i S¢ : 
p es from 14 es in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a brown colour, much 
varied wi ale oreyis ; nee > be ing isas ; 
ith pale greyish brown; near the base of the wing 1s a small angulated pale striga, edged with black, 
and another similar o ve : Cj i ich j 
imilarly edged and very dentated before the anterior stigma, which is small, pale, and round, with 
a black dot in the centre, followed by a large dark patch extending nearly to the costa, where are two blackish 
spots ; then follows another very irregular, pale, undulated striga, edged with black, and a dark subapical bar 
emitting pointed longitudinal streaks, directed towards the base of the wing, and a row of minute, apical, curved 
dark lines. The hind wings are bronzed red, with the costal portion broad and brown. The body is brown. 
The caterpillar is naked and green, with white dorsal and lateral lines and a conical protuberance near the 
extremity of the body. It feeds on oak, elm, poplar, hazel, nut, plum, and other trees in May and June, and the 
moth appears in August; it is fond of hiding itself in crevices, or burrows in the bark of the oak, formed by 
other insects, where it sits with its shining eyes only exposed at the entrance. It is a rather common and 
widely-distributed species. : 
Se 
PYROPHILA, Sreruens, Hiisner, p. (SCOTOPHILA, Borspuvar. PHILOPYRA, c. GuENEE. ) 
This group is closely allied to the preceding, but differs in having the terminal joint of the recurved and velvetty 
palpi short ; the fore wings are almost destitute of markings, with the apex not dentated; the hind wings are 
pale coppery brown, all the wings being very glossy. The antenne are elongate, slender, and setaceous. The 
caterpillars are green, with white lines, but without the angular elevation at the extremity of the body. They 
feed on various low-growing plants, and the moths appear at the middle and end of the summer. 
SPECIES 1.—PYROPHILA TRAGOPOGINIS. Puate XXX., Fie. 18, 14. 
Synonymes.— Phal. Noct. Tragopoginis, Linn, ; Haworth; Hiibner ; Wood, Ind. Ent., pl. 1], fig. 214. 
This species measures about 11 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are entirely of a brown mouse- 
colour, with no other markings than a dusky spot in the place of the anterior stigma, two others in the place of the 
outer stigma, and a very ill-defined subapical striga. The hind wings are livid brown, with the margin darker. 
The caterpillar is green, with a white line on the back and two on each side, and various white dots on each 
segment. It feeds on Tragopogon pratense, and Spinacea oleracea, Serratula arvensis, &c., in May and June, and 
the moth appears in July and August. On one occasion I found a considerable number hidden beneath the 
bark of a rotten tree, at Netley, Salop; and M. De Villiers has noticed them in such situations ranged side by 
side, generally touching each other, and with the head always turned in the same direction, and which if 
disturbed do not attempt to fly, but run upon the backs of their companions, which exhibit no marks of alarm*. 
SPECIES 2.—-PYROPHILA TETRA. Puate XXX., Fie. 15. 
Ph. tragopoginis, Donovan, 7, pl. 223, f. 2? Albin, pl. 27, 
fig. 41, h—k; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 11, fig. 215. 
Synonymes, — (Voctua tetra, Fabricius; Haworth; Hiibner ; 
Treitschke. 
This species is described as rather larger than the preceding (17 lines broad) ; the fore wings dark brown, with 
three dark spots placed as in Tragopoginis, and with several small white dots on the costa; near the apex and 


* Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, xi, Bull. p. xii. 



