





152 BRITISH MOTHS 
the hind wings darker livid brown, with the margin brown. Mr. H. Doubleday (Entomol. p. 262) considers 
this and the preceding species identical. As, however, the two species are given distinct by all the Continental 
authors, I have retained it, considering it, however, probable that as Tetra is described as a more southern 
species, it is doubtful whether the insects so called in England may not be dark varieties of Tragopoginis. The 
moth appears in July and August. 


LEMURIS, Husner. NA®NIA, Srepuens. MANIA, vp. Trerrscuxe, Boisp., GuENEE. 
The type of this curious group is distinguished at once by the structure of the palpi from all its congeners, 
they being very large and advanced in front of the head and bent upwards ; the basal joints very thickly clothed 
with long scales, whilst the terminal joint is long, slender and exposed, so as to cause the palpi to appear 
cleft. The thorax and abdominal segments are strongly tufted, and the abdomen is bearded at the extremity. 
The wings have the apical margins notched. The caterpillars are naked, with the anal segment slightly elevated ; 
they feed on various low herbs, as well as on willow, &c., and the pupa is enclosed in a very slight cocoon of 
earth, found at a considerable depth under ground ; the pupa itself is very glossy. Most recent Continental authors . 
have united Noctua maura, Linn., in the same genus as N. typica, which Mr. Stephens considers very unnatural. 
The observations of M. Guénée upon the subject, however, (Ann. Soc. Ent. de France, 1838, p. 112,) are 
calculated to shake the correctness of such a decision. It is in respect to the structure of the palpi and the 
differences in the pupa state that I have not followed the Continental authors in uniting the two species in the 
same genus. 

SPECIES 1—LEMURIS TYPICA. Puatre XXX., Fie. 17, 18. 
Synonymes.—Phal. Noet. typica, Linn.; Fab.; Haworth, Albin, Noctua venosa, Hiibner. 
pl. 15, fig. 21 a—d ; Harris, Aurelian, pl. 22, fig. d—g. Noctua excusa, Esper. 
This common species varies from 12 to 14 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a shining dark 
brown colour, reticulated with buffish white ; the costa marked with numerous dark and light alternating patches ; 
the longitudinal veins also pale buff-white, as well as the strigee, of which one preceding the stigmata is nearly 
transverse, and edged with black ; the extreme margin is marked with a row of triangular black dots; the hind 
wings are dark brown, with paler cilia. The caterpillar is excellently figured by Moses Harris, and is of a grey 
brown colour, the under parts of the body paler, and with lateral oblique pale lines, the twelfth segment angulated 
above ; they are found in the beginning of April at the roots of nettles, or the bottom of the stalks of winter 
celery which grows on banks. They are full-fed in May, when they make a cocoon on the surface of the ground, 
according to Harris, and the moth appears in June and July. It is very common, flying over banks of nettles. 

DYPTERIGIA, Srepnens. LUPERINA ttttt ep. Bov. CLOANTHA, vp. Gutnés. 
Mr. Stephens, the founder of this genus (which has not, however, been adopted abroad), separates the typical 
se ~ r e mal . . *. . . 
species from Xylina, Calocampa and Xylophasia, by its highly-crested thorax, slender, nearly vertical palpi, with 
the terminal joint considerably exposed, and when denuded, elongate-linear, subacute ; abbreviated, sub-triangular 
ovate, tristigmatiferous fore wings, and other less obvious characters, as well as its dissimilarity in the larva and 
pupa states. Many of these characters will also separate it from the preceding genera. 
