AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS. 171 
wings runs a short, curved, slender, black line. The costa is marked with several small dark brown dots 
arranged in pairs; the anterior stigma is nearly round, and preceded by a dark dot, it is edged by a fine dark 
line ; the outer stigma is large and ear-shaped, of a pale ashy-brown, with a dusky patch in its hind part; the 
space between and behind the stigmata is richer and darker coloured than the rest of the wing, with a small 
oval ring immediately behind the anterior stigma. This space is succeeded by a curved row of small, duplicated, 
crescent-like marks, forming a small arched striga ; and beyond these, towards the apex of the wing, is a pale 
and very irregular striga, terminating in a large dusky patch on the costa; the ciliz rest upon a row of minute 
black dots ; the hind wings are pale dull buffish-brown, with the veins, central Junule, and margin darker; the 
apex with a series of small, black, arched lines. 
The caterpillar is brown, speckled with black, with the belly greyish, and the back and sides marked with a 
pale yellowish longitudinal stripe. It feeds on grasses in the autumn, and the moth appears in June, frequenting 
woods and gardens. It is an abundant species. 
SPECIES 3—HAMA TESTACEA. Prater XXXV., Fie. 9. 
Synonymes.—Woctua testacea, Hiibner; Stephens; Guénée; Noctua unca, Haworth (variety). 
Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 12, fig. 262. Noctua x-notata, Haworth (variety). 
Noctua lunato-strigosa, Haworth. 
This species is very variable both in size and appearance, the fore wings varying from 1} to more than 13 
inch in expanse. ‘They are generally of a pale reddish or greyish-brown tinge, varied with darker shades, and 
with more or less distinct markings. A pale undulated broken striga is placed before the middle of the wing, 
followed by the two ordinary stigmata, which are irregularly edged with a pale and a brown line, followed by 
a very much curved striga formed of blackish lunules, united together and edged with paler colour; the hinder 
portion of this striga being connected with the preceding striga, behind the stigmata, by a black mark occupying 
the place of the supplemental stigma, resembling a black hook, producing a black streak ; the apical portion of 
the wing is of a brownish hue, scarcely darker than the rest of the wing, preceded by the pale and much undulated 
slender fourth striga; the hind wings are almost white, with a row of slender dusky curved lines along the 
margin. Some specimens are almost immaculate ; others have the fore wings of a reddish tinge, with an 
X-like central black mark, and an arched striga of black lunules beyond the middle. Such specimens were 
regarded by Mr. Haworth as a distinct species under the name of N. x-notata. The species is very abundant 
and widely dispersed, appearing in the perfect state in August and September. 

SPECIES 4.—HAMA CONNEXA. Puate XXXV., Fie. 10. 
Synonymes.—WVoctua connexa, Stephens; Borkhausen; (Och- | Noctua Elota, Hiibner; Guénée; Doubleday. 
senheimer?) Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 52, fig. 1664. Noctua pabulitricola, Scriba. 
This species measures 14 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are elegantly mottled with pale cream 
grey and brown markings. The base is pale, with several dark patches on the costa ; a black lineola at the base 
separates the dark portion from the anterior. The centre of the wing is occupied by a large dark-brown fascia, 
narrowed behind, and edged with pale strigee with geminated darker lines; on this space is placed the stigmata 
which are distinct, with the centre darker, and behind them isa dark line connecting the strige ; the apical 
portion of the wing is pale grey, the apex being pale brown, and bearing a subapical striga, which is formed of 
rather large arched spots. The hind wings are brown, with a dusky lunule in the centre, and an indistinct paler 
bar beyond the middle ; the margin darker. Very rare; ‘ Linwood, near Barnsley,” Mr. Stephens. Boisduval 
gives June as the time of its appearance in the perfect state. 
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