AND THEIR TRANSFORMATIONS, 203 
SPECIES 3.—CERATOPACHA DILUTA. Prars XLIIL., Fic. 3, 4. 
3 
Synonyues.— Noctua diluia, Wien. Verz.; Fabricius; Hiibner ; Noctua octogena, Esper, pl. 128, fig. 6. 
Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 14, fig. 330 ; Harris, Aure- Bombyx undulata, Fabricius. 
lian, pl. 35, fig. f. g. Bombyx fasciculosa, Borkhausen. 
This species also measures from 1-; to 13 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a pale green- 
brown colour, with two straight bars, composed of slender strigee, close together ; these fascie# are of a reddish 
colour, and are generally edged by an undulating line of white and another of black, one of the fasciew being 
placed before and the other beyond the middle of the wing, and between these fascie there is generally a flexuous 
brown striga ; the apical margin of the wing is obscure, with a pale waved striga. The hind wings are whitish, 
with an ashy central fascia and a rather broad fimbria; the ciliz whitish, and the body rather slender. 
The caterpillar is pale-grayish, spotted with white, with a red-brown head, and pale dorsal and lateral lines above 
the feet. It feeds on the oak, changes to a chrysalis at the beginning of June in a cocoon attached to a leaf, and 
the moth appears in August, frequenting woods in the south of England, but it is a rare species. 
SPECIES 4.—-CERATOPACHA OR. Puare XLIII., Fie. 5. (And 9, at the bottom of the plate.) 
Synonymes.— Noctua Or, Wien. Verz.; Fabricius; Hiibner; Noctua consobrina, Borkhausen, 
Treitschke ; Duponchel ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 14, fig. 331. Noctua gemina, Beckwith (Linn. Trans. 2, pl. 1, fig. 4—6); 
Noctua flavicornis, Haworth, but not of Linneus. Donovan, Brit. Ins. ]0, pl. 347, fig. 3. 
Noctua Octogena, Esper, pl. 128, fig. 5. Noctua %& Grecum, Villers. 
This species measures from 13 to 12 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a gray colour, with 
flexuous brown strige, the first of which is geminated and placed at the base of the wing; then follow 
three or four close together, forming a fascia; the middle of the wing is rather paler, bearing the two ordinary 
stigmata, the first of which is pale and round with a dusky centre, resembling the letter O, and the outer one is 
shaped something like the letter R (whence the specific name) ; beyond these are three other equidistant strige, of 
which the two outer ones are much paler and less flexuous, the outer one connected with a dark, hook-shaped line 
at the tip of the wing. The apical margin is dusky, with a slightly waved pale striga. The hind wings brown, 
with a dark fascia and marginal fimbria. The caterpillar feeds on the poplar, and is green with a brown head. 
The perfect insect appears at the end of May or beginning of June, in the woods round London, but it 

is of rare occurrence. 
SPECIES 5.—CERATOPACHA OCTOGESIMA, Puarr XLIII., Fie. 6. 
Synonymes.—lVoctua octogesma, Hiibner; Stephens; Haust. 3, Noctua octogena, Esper, pl. 128, fig. 4 ; Curtis, Brit. Ent, pl. 272. 
pl. 27, fig. 2; Treitschke; Boisduval; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 14, fig. ood. Noctua or, Borkhausen. 
This species measures 1} inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a pale ochre colour varied with 
brown, and having a rosy tint, especially at the base, which is marked with two slender pale and two black irregular 
stripes running parallel to each other, the inner one being spotted with black. ‘The stigmata are contiguous, 
composed of black and white markings resembling the figures 80 or 08 (whence the specific name); a brown 
dentate striga rests on the outer stigma, beyond which are two black and several dusky slender strigze with a 
black oblique line at the tip of the wing ; the apical margin has also a slender black le. The hind wings paler, 
with two obscure slender fascize and a dusky fimbria. The caterpillar 1s green, with a yellow head and two white 
lines at the sides of the body ; it is found on the poplar in the autumn, and the moth appears in April and May ; 

st has been taken near Bristol, Birmingham and Netley. 
SPECIES 6.—CERATOPACHA FLAVICORNIS. Puare XLIIL., Fie. 7, 8. 
Synonymes.—Phalena Noctua flavicornis, Linnzus 5 Hiibner; Donovan, 10, pl. 352 fig. 3; Stephens ; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 14, fig. 333. 
Noctua luteicornis, Haworth. 
This species measures 11 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are elongated, rather narrow, and 
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