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“The caterpillar, as described by M. Daube in the Iconographie des Chenilles, is cylindric, rather 
BRITISH MOTHS 
210 
SPECIES 3.—XANTHIA AURAGO. Puarte XLV., Fie. 5. 
Synonymes.— Noctua aurago, Wien. Verz; Fabricius; Hiibner; Noctua preiexta, Esper. 
Haworth ; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 15, fig. 348 ; Boisduval ; Noctua fucata, Esper. 
Guénée ; Doubleday. Noctua rutilago, Borkhausen (variety). 
This species measures 14 to 1.3, inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are varied with reddish-brown, 
reddish orange, and yellow colours, and but little clouded, the four ordinary fasciee being represented by so 
many narrow yellow bars, of which that preceding the stigmata forms the trilobed margin of the dusky space 
between it and the first striga, whilst that beyond the stigmata is very much angulated, and followed by a darker 
colour through which runs the spotted waved subapical striga, dilated at the apex of the costa; the characteristic 
portion of the wing is orange red or bright orange, which is also the colour of the stigmata, the anterior of which 
is subannular, and the outer one marked at the base with ared cloud. The hind wings are pale yellowish 
red, with a darker border. The caterpillar is gray, with oblique brown marks. It feeds on sallow and willow. 
The moth appears from August to October. 

SPECIES 4.—XANTHIA CITRAGO. Puare XLV., Fie. 7, 8. 
Synonymes.— Phalena, Noctua citrago, Linnexus; Hiibner; Haworth; Treitschke ; Boisduval ; Stephens ; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 15, 
fig. 350. Wilkes, pl. 8, (larva). 
This species measures from 13 to 13 inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a clay-yellow colour, 
thickly irrorated with red scales, with four slender dark oblique strigze crossing the wings, two preceding the 
stigmata, the third running between the stigmata, the fourth behind the outer stigma; there is likewise a 
subapical but almost indistinct striga formed of pale lunules bordered with darker lines ; the stigmata are large, 
but chiefly indicated by their dusky outline; the hind wings are whitish clay-coloured. The caterpillar is 
reddish-brown, with pale longitudinal lines, and dotted with white, each segment having two oblong black spots 
on each side. It feeds on the lime, and the moth appears in August and September. It is an uncommon species. 
The larvee were often taken by Mr. Blunt, in Epping Forest, near Walthamstow. 

SPECIES 5—XANTHIA CENTRAGO. Puare XLV., Fie. 6. 
Synonymes.— Noctua centrago, Haworth; Curtis, Brit. Ent. Noctua xerampelina, Hiibner (nec. Esper) ; Boisduval. 
pl. 84; Stephens; Wood, Ind. Ent. pl. 15, fig. 349. 
Cirredia xerampelina, Guénée ; Doubleday. 
This very distinct species measures 12 to 1°; inch in the expanse of the fore wings, which are of a rich 
orange colour, with several minute black lines on the costa ; the characteristic portion of the wing is occupied by 
a red-brown bar, broadest towards the costa, where it becomes obsolete, terminating in a rounded lobe in the 
space ordinarily occurring between the stigmata, which are obsolete. The apical margin is also occupied by a 
bar of the same colour, which does not extend to the costa. The apex itself is acute, and the apical margin 
crenated, with the middle rather angulated ; the hind wings are pale whitish, with slight reddish-yellow margins. 
This very rare species is widely dispersed, having been taken in the north of England, Norfolk, Dorsetshire, &c. 
short, with a 
small subglobose head, and with the extremities of the body slightly setose. It feeds on low plants. It is on 
account of the differences in the form of the wings, palpi, markings, &c. of the perfect insect as well as in the 
larva state, that M. Guénée has formed this insect into a distinct genus under the name of Cirredia, which he 
places between Xanthia and our Cosmiew (Euperie Guén). 
Obs.—Xanthia fimbriago Steph. ; Wood, pl. 15, 351, is omitted, as we are informed by Mr. Doubleday 
that it is an American species. 

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