
































HEMIPTERA. 
of the lamella. We have a fpecimen from America, which, in addition to the ufual organs of found, have 
two large hollow protuberancés or drums; one on each fide of the abdomen; and muft, we imagine, 
produce a louder found than any yet difcovered: a {pecies very fimilar to this is alfo brought from New 
Holland. 
The probofcis of thofe infects is a hard or horny tube, in which a very acute, flender fucking-pipe is con- 
cealed. The horny tube is not unlike a gimlet in form, and is ufed by thofe creatures to bore through the 
bark of trees, to extract the juices, on which it feeds. Linnzeus has named the fpecies of one divifion in 
his Syftem, Mannifera, becaufe they had been obferved to fly among ath trees, bore many holes in them, 
and when the manna had oozed out, return and carry it off, 
With this probofcis they bore holes in the {mall twigs of the extreme branches of trees, and depofit 
their eggs in them, fometimes to the amount of fix or feven hundred. As each cell contains no more than 
from twelve to twenty eggs, it does great damage to the trees they-frequent. Stohl fays, “* the common 
one Y, which is found at Surinam in the coffee plantations, greatly injures thofe trees; the females depofit- 
ing their eggs in the young fhoots, and in holes they bore with their fheath. They live on the juices of 
the trees.” 
a hard brown projeétion, or corner which unites with another piece above them in a longitudinal direétion, to the under part of 
the breaft. This longitudinal piece divides a triangular red fpace or field into two parts, one on the right fide, and the other on 
the left. Above thefe, in a tranfverfe dire&tion, is feen two fmall yellow fkins; the lamelle in their natural pofition conceal 
thefe organs becaufe they fold exaétly over them. 
Reaumur, in the exterior appearance of thefe parts, could difcover nothing that could lead to determine the organs of the 
found; and he was not fatisfied that the flight motion of the lamella on thefe parts could produce the loud finging noife of 
the Cicada. He opened a few cicadz on the back part of the body, fo that the inner ftructure of the under fide was difplayed, 
and efpecially the parts conneéted to the curious organs he had difcovered under the lamellae. At laft he difcovered two large 
mufcles, which at their point of union formed a fpace almoft fquare, and were conneéted with the red triangular fields he had 
obferved on the under fide: as he concluded thefe formed a material part of the organs he wifhed to difcover, he examined them 
attentively, and found that, by moving them backwards and forwards, he could make a cicada fing that had been dead many 
months. Although the found was not ftrong, it tended to prove that he had difeovered the inftrument that produced it.—In 
another part he fays it is evident the found is caufed by the little fkins conneéted to the mufcles, becaufe when they were rubbed 
with a bit of paper they emitted that kind of found. 
Roefel has difcovered two little pieces of horny fubftance that are conneéted by a fort of fibre within the fkins, in the body, 
and he fuppofes when this is in motion, it ftrikes againft the before-mentioned thin fkins, and produces a found, by the fame 
means as a hollow body, or drum, when ftruck with a ftick: and alfo that this noife may be varied or modulated by a flight 
motion of the lamellae, but cannot be produced without the affiftance of the internal nerves and mufcles conneéted with, the 
organs firft defcribed. 
Authors agree that the Cicade of hot countries emit the loudeft found. It appears from the papers of Mr. Smeethman 
(who refided a confiderable time in Africa) publifhed by Mr. Drury, that the found of fome kinds peculiar to that part of the 
world is fo loud as to be heard at half a mile diftance; and that the finging of one within doors, filences a whole company.— 
The fame attentive obferver fays, the open parts of the country are never without their mufic, fome finging in the evening and 
others only in the day. 
Y La Cigale Vieilleufe. Cicad. Tibicien. 

