102 
ruddy duck and green-winged teal broods were counted and no territorial pairs were 
noted for these species. There is little likelihood that the canvasback or ruddy duck 
were hatched outside the area. 
Production was determined from 2 brood counts, the first was conducted in late 
June, the second in early August. Ponds were intensively covered with the assistance 
of adog. As the dog worked some distance in front of the observer it was impossible 
to determine how many broods it discovered that would have otherwise been missed. 
Only in 3 cases in the June count was it certain that broods would have been undetected 
had it not been for the dog. Due to very heavy cover in most cases only the feigning 
fernale indicated the presence of a brood, therefore, few age classes or brood sizes 
were determined. In June the broods were distributed over the whole area but in 
August they had concentrated on the same ponds that supported broods in August the 
previous year. In this case they had not been forced to move due to ponds drying up 
but apparently moved from preference. 
Both the breeding population and the nesting success were greater in 1953 than 
in 1952, A dog was not used in 1952 and as some territorial pairs were missed in 
1953 this would account for some of the apparent difference in nesting success, 
Most of the increase in 1953 was due to increases in the numbers of the 3 most 
numerous species breeding in the area, the mallard, blue-winged teal and pintail. 
Table III. - Southey Study Area - Breeding Population and Production, 1952-53 

Breeding Population BROODS 
(Pairs) June August Total Broods 
Species 1952 1953 1952 1953 «19520 195319521953 
Mallard 13 19 3 7 2 2 5 9 
Blue-winged teal 7 1] - 3 1 2 1 5 
Pintail 6 10 2 3 - l 2 4 
Gadwall ] 3 - ~ 1 - l - 
Baldpate 3 3 1 - 1 3 2 3 
Shoveler Pe 3 ] - - 3 1 3 
Green-winged teal 2 - 2 1 - - 2 l 
Lesser scaup 2 2 - - - - - 
Canvasback 1 - - - - - 1 
Redhead 1 - - - - - - 
Ruddy duck - - - - - l - 
Total 38 51 9 15 5 12 14 27 
Per Square Mile 19.5 25.5 4.5 Ta 5 z2.5 6 7 13,5 
34.2 percent increase in breeding population 1953-52 
107.6 percent increase in broods 1953-52 
Brood per pair ratio 1952 - 1:2.4 1953 - 1:1.9 
