The wintering areas were surveyed by use of boats, cars, and aircraft 
with the important areas being given aerial coverage whenever possible. 
Although incomplete, all available information on number of men, aircraft 
involved, and distance covered in the survey is presented in the following 
table: 

No, No. No. 
Location Ls Observers Planes Miles Flown 
Pacific Flyway 472 39 22,601 
Central Flyway 412 36 a 25,000 
Mississippi Flyway 457 £7 ~ 6,660 
Atlantic Flyway 520 44 30, 660 
Total for United States _ 1, 861 1386 ga gaz 
Mexico 4 2 9,000 
West Indies —_—— , ts se re ie 1 3,000 
Grand Total 7 1,867 139. 96,921 
Breeding Population and Production Surveys 
_ The extensive breeding ground surveys of the past few years have been 
continued. These surveys now include two coverages of most of the important 
waterfowl breeding areas, the first coverage occurring in May for the purpose 
of measuring the distribution and relative size of the breeding population, and 
the second being made during July for: the. purpose of measuring the production 
of broods. When these data are combined for all of the important breeding 
areas they form the primary basis for forecasting changes in the relative 
size of the fall flight in each of the four Flyways. 
The survey methods vary from statistically designed sampling techniques 
using aerial and ground transects, to censuses of sample areas. Aerial crews 
cover the bulk of the breeding range with the various crews sampling in the 
neighborhood of 2,375,000 square miles of waterfowl habitat. For the most 
part, the results of the surveys are presented as "indices to breeding 
population or number of broods.'' The determination of an "index" figure 
representing estimated breeding population or number of bwoods has been 
done for the purpose of establishing a basis upon which the results of surveys 
in one place could be added .to the. results from others. When considering the 
"index' figures, however, it is emphasized that they do not constitute an 
estimate of total population. The ‘indices’ are based on birds seen, and it is 
