180 
OLDER PLIOCENE PEIUOD. 
[Ch. XIII. 
movements have given rise to some of the local derangements 
in this formation, particularly where masses of solid chalk 
pierce, as it were, the crag. Thus, between Mundesley and 
Trimmingham we see the appearances exhibited in the accom- 
panying view (No. 41). The chalk, of which the strata are 
highly inclined, or vertical, projects in a promontory, because 
it offers more resistance to the action of the waves than the 
tertiary beds which, on both sides, constitute the whole of the 
cliff. The height of the soft crag strata immediately above 
the chalk is, in this place, about 130 feet. Those which are 
in contact (see the wood-cut) are inclined at an angle of 45°, 
and appear more disturbed than in other parts of the cliffs, 
as if they had been displaced by the movement by which the 
chalk was protruded. 
Very similar appearances are exhibited by the northernmost 
of the three protuberances of chalk, of which a front view is 
given in the annexed diagram. It occupies a space of about 100 
yards along the shore, and projects about 60 yards in advance 
of the general line of cliff. One of its edges, at c, rests upon 
No. 42. 
7t 
Northern protuberance ofchalh, Trimmingham. 
a. Chalk with flints. c. Laminated blue clay. 
b. Gravel, of broken and half-rounded flints, d. Sand and yellow loam. 
the blue clay beds of the crag, in such a manner as to imply 
that the mass had been undermined when the crag was 
deposited, unless we suppose, as some have done, that this 
chalk is a great detached mass enveloped by crag. For, 
