Ch. XVI.] ALLUVIUMS — FRESH- WATER STRATA. 
219 
species), deer, a great variety, canis, otter, beaver, hare, and 
water-rat *. 
Velay. — In Velay a somewhat similar group of mammiferous 
remains were found by Dr. Hibbert f , in a bed of volcanic 
scoriae and tuff, inclosed between two beds of basaltic lava, at 
Saint-Privat d'Allier. Some of the bones were found ad- 
hering to the slaggy lava. Among the animals were Rhino- 
ceros leptorhinus, Hyaena spelaea, and another species allied 
to the spotted hyaena of the Cape, together with four undeter- 
mined species of deer J. 
At Cussac and Solilhac, one league from Puy en Velay, 
M. Robert discovered, in an ancient alluvium covered with 
lava, the remains of Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros lepto- 
rhinus, Tapir arvernensis, horse (two species), deer (seven spe- 
cies), ox (two species), and an antelope. 
Orleanais. — In the Orleanais, at Avaray, Chevilly, les Aides, 
and les Barres, fossil land quadrupeds have been found asso- 
ciated with fluviatile shells and reptiles, identical with those 
found in the marine faluns of Touraine §. These are sup- 
posed, with great probability, by M. Desnoyers, to mark the 
passage of streams which flowed towards the sea in which the 
faluns were deposited. They bear the same relation to the 
Miocene strata of Touraine, as part of the ancient gravel and 
silt of England, containing the bones of elephants and other 
extinct animals, probably bear to the crag. 
MIOCENE FRESH- WATER FORMATIONS. 
Upper Vol d'Arno. — There are a great number of isolated 
tertiary formations, of fresh-Avater origin, resting on primary 
and secondary rocks in different parts of Europe, in the same 
* Recherches sur les Oss. Foss. du Dept. du Puy de Dome, 4to., 1828. — Essai 
Geol. et Mineral, sur les Environs d'Issoire, Dept. du Puy de Dome, folio, 1827. 
f Edin. Journ. of Sci., No. 4, New Series, p. 276. 
I Figures of some of these remains are given by M. Bertrand de Doue, Ann. de 
la Soc. d'Agricult. de Puy, 1828. 
§ MM. Desnoyers and Lockart, Bulletin de la Soc. Geol,, torn. ii. p. 336» 
