Ch. XVI.] UPPER VAL d'aHNO — CADIBONA. 221 
Cervus megaceros, (?) C. Valdarnensis, C. , new species, 
Bos, bubalo affinis, B. virus and B. taurus. 
Cuvier also mentions the remains of a species of lophiodon 
as occurring among the bones in the Upper Val d'Arno *. 
The elephant of this locality has been called by Nestif meri- 
dionalis, and is considered by him as distinct from the Siberian 
fossil species E. primigenius, with which, however, some eminent 
comparative anatomists regard it as identical. The skeletons 
of the hippopotamus are exceedingly abundant ; no less than 
forty had been procured when I visited Florence in 1828. 
Remains of the elephant, stag, ox, and horse, are also ex- 
tremely numerous. In winter the superficial degradation of 
the soil is so rapid, that bones which the year before were 
buried are seen to project from the surface of the soil, and 
are described by the peasants as growing. In this manner the 
tips of the horns of stags, or of the tusks of hippopotamuses 
often appear on the surface, and thus lead to the discovery of 
an entire head or skeleton. 
Cadibona. — Another example of an isolated lacustrine de- 
posit, belonging possibly to the Miocene period, is that which 
occurs at Cadibona, between Savona and Carcare. Its position 
is described in the annexed section, which does not however 
No. 55. 
Cudit'tirtji 
Sea 
Section of the fresh-water formation of Cadibona. 
a. Blue marl and yellow sand (older Pliocene). 
b. Sand, shale and coal of Cadibona (Miocene ?). 
c. Green sand, &c. of the Bormida (Miocene). 
d. Chloritic and micaceous schist, serpentine, &c. 
pretend to accuracy in regard to the relative heights of the 
different rocks, or the distances of the places from each other. 
* Oss. Foss., vol. v. p. 504. 
f Lettere sopra alcuae Ossa Fossili del Val d'Arno, &c. Pisa, 1825. 
