GLOSSARY. 
65 
Cetacea. An order of vertebrated mammiferous animals inhabiting 
the sea. The whale, dolphin, and narwal, are examples. Etym., 
Cete, whale. 
Chalk. A white earthy limestone, the uppermost of the secondary 
series of strata. See Table II. F, p. 390. 
Chert. A siliceous mineral, approaching in character to flint, but 
less homogeneous and simple in texture. 
Chloritic Sand. Sand coloured green by an admixture of the 
simple mineral chlorite. Etym., tcXwpoc, chloros, green. 
Coal Formation. This term is generally understood to mean the 
same as the Coal Measures. See Table II. L, p. 393. There 
are, however, ' coal formations' in all the geological periods, 
wherever any of the varieties of coal form a principal consti- 
tuent part of a group of strata. 
Coleoptera. An order of insects (Beetles) which have four wings, 
the upper pair being crustaceous and forming a shield. Etym., 
koXeoq, coleos, a shield, and nrtpov, pteron, a wing. 
Congeners. Species which belong to the same genus. 
Conglomerate. Rounded water-worn fragments of rock, or peb- 
bles, cemented together by another mineral substance, which 
may be of a siliceous, calcareous, or argillaceous nature. Etym., 
Con, together, glomero, to heap. 
Conifers. An order of plants which, like the fir and pine, bear 
cones or tops in which the seeds are contained. Etym., Conns, 
cone, and /era, to bear. 
Coomb. A provincial name in different parts of England for a 
valley on the declivity of a hill, and which is generally without 
water. 
Cornbrash. A rubbly stone extensively cultivated in Wiltshire for 
growth of corn. It is a provincial term adopted by Smith. 
Brash is derived from bregan, Saxon, to break. See Table II. 
H, p. 391. 
Cornstone. A provincial name for a red limestone, forming a sub- 
ordinate bed in the Old Red Sandstone group. 
Cosmogony, Cosmology. Words synonymous in meaning, applied 
to speculations respecting the first origin or mode of creation of 
the earth. Etym., Koajiog, kosmos, the world, and yovr\, gonee, 
generation, or \oyoq, logos, discourse. 
Crag. A provincial name in Norfolk and Suffolk for a deposit, 
usually of gravel, belonging to the Older Pliocene period. See 
Table II. C, p. 389. 
Crater. The circular cavity at the summit of a volcano, from which 
the volcanic matter is ejected. Etym., Crater, a great cup or bowl. 
Vol. HI. a 
