INDEX. 
93 
Etna, southern base of, 17 
recent shells in clay at the foot of, 77 
dip of the marine strata at the base 
of, 78 
eastern side of, 78 
shells in tuffs and marls on the east 
side of, 79 
— lavas of the Cyclopian isles, not cur- 
rents from, 81 
— internal structure of the cone of, 83 
— great valley on the east side of — see 
wood-cut No. 17, 83 
. lateral eruptions of, 84 
« manner of increase of the principal 
cone of, 84 
• sections of buried cones on, 88 
— — form, composition, and origin of the 
dikes on, 90 
veins of lava on — see wood-cut No. 
20, 91 
— - view from the summit of, into the 
Val del Bove — see wood-cut No. 22, 
93 
— — subsidences on, 96 
antiquity of the cone of, 97 
- — — whether signs of diluvial waves are 
observable on, 101 
.I. list of fossil shells from the flanks 
of — Appendix II., p. 53, 
Europe, newest tertiary strata of, 22 
. large portions of, submerged when 
the secondary strata were formed, 23 
almost all the land in, has emerg- 
ed since the deposition of the chalk, 330 
European tertiary strata, successive origin 
of the, 18 
European alluviums in great part tertiary, 
150 
Excavation of valleys, 319 • 
Faluns of Touraine, 203 
comparison between the English 
crag and the, 203, 204 
. were formed in a shallow sea, 204 
— — organic remains of the, 204, 206 
Fasano, escarpment of marine strata seen 
near, 78 
Fault in the cliff-hills near Lewes — see 
section, wood-cut No. 76,301 
Finochio, view of the rock of, with the 
lavas of 1811 and 1819 flowing round 
it — see wood-cut No. 21, 92 
Firestone of the Weald Valley, 286 
— terrace formed by the harder beds 
of— see wood cut No. 67, 291, 292 
Fish, skeletons of, by no means frequent 
in a fossil state, 47 
fossil, of Castrogiovanni, 67 
Fitton, Dr., on the secondary rocks of the 
Valley of the Weald, 286 
■ on the denudation of the Weald Val- 
ley, 289 
Fitton, Dr., on faults in the strata of the 
Forest ridge, 293 
on a line of vertical and inclin- 
ed strata from the Isle of Wight to 
Dieppe, 315 
— — an ammonite found in the Maes- 
tricht beds by, 325 
on the extent and thickness of the 
Wealden, 329 
on the delta of the Niger, 329 
Fiume Salso, in Sicily, 252 
Fleming, Dr., on the effects of the deluge, 
271 
Flinty slate, slate-clay of the lias, con» 
verted into, by trap dike, 370 
Flood, supposed effects of the, 270 
hypothesis of a partial, 270 
Floridia, schistose and arenaceous lime- 
stone of, 66 
Fluvia, river, ravines in lava excavated by, 
186, 189 
Forest ridge of the Weald Valley, 293 
— — faults in the strata of the, 293 
thickness of masses removed from 
the, 313 
Formations, causes of the superposition of 
successive, 26 
universal, remarks on the theory 
of, 38 
new subdivisions of the tertiary, 
52 
Fossa Grande, section of Vesuvius seen in, 
84 
Fossilization of plants and animals partial, 
31 
Fossils, distinctness of the secondary and 
tertiary, 327 
Fresh-water deposits, secondary, why rare, 
330 
Fuveau, in Provence, tertiary strata of, 
276 
Gabel Tor, volcano of, 136 
Galieri, a bed of corals found standing 
erect among igneous and aqueous for- 
mations at, 73 
Ganges, the crocodile of the, found both 
in fresh and salt water, 330 
Gannat, fresh-water limestone of, 232 
Garnets, in altered shale, 369 
Garrinada, hill of, described — (see frontis- 
piece,) 187 
Gavarnie, cirque of, 88 
— — lamination of clay-slate near — see 
wood-cut No. 89, 366 
Gault of the Valley of the Weald, 
286 
valley formed at its out-crop, 292 
forms an escarpment towards the 
Weald clay, 293 _ 
Gemunden Maar, view of the — see wood 
cut No. 49, 195 
