93 
INDEX. 
Marienforst, blocks of quartz containing 
casts of fresh-water shells found near, 199 
Marine alluviums, 145 
Marine teslacea, wide range of, 44, 48 
Marls, sub-Apennine, localities of the, 158, 
159 
■ sometimes thinly laminated, 158 
■■ interstratified with lignite and gyp- 
sum, 159 
capped by basalt at some places, 159 
Martin, Mr., on the Valley of the Weald, 
293 
on the transverse valleys of the North 
and South Downs, 299 
— his supposed section of a trans- 
verse valley — see wood-cut No. 74, 300 
— — — his estimate of the thickness of 
strata removed from the summit of the 
Forest ridge, 313 
Maritime Alps, tertiary strata at the base 
of the, 164 
Marsupial animals, their remains found in 
breccias in Australian caves. 143 
Mascalucia, subsidence on Etna near the 
town of, 96 
Medesano, lignite in the sub-Apennine marls 
at, 159 
Mediterranean, organic remains of the, 40 
■ distinct from those of the Red Sea, 
41,205 
shells drifted from the Alps into 
the, 48 
Medway, transverse valley of the, 298, 299 
Meerfelder Maar described, 197 
Melill i, view of a circular valley near — see 
wood-cut No. 23, 110 
inland cliffs seen near, 111 
Merdogne, fresh-water marls intersected by 
a dike of basalt above the village ef, 259 
Metamorphic, the term proposed and de- 
fined, 374 
— — rocks of the Alps, altered lias and 
oolite, 871 
■ sometimes pass into sedimentary, 376 
■ sometimes divided by strong line of 
demarcation, 376 
in what manner their age should 
be determined, 378 
■ why those visible to us are for the 
most part ancient, 380 
why they appear the oldest, 379 
Micaceous schist, whence derived, 373 
Microscopic fossil shells abundant near 
Sienna, 163 
■ shells of the Paris basin, — see Plate 
IV., 250 
Militello, list of fossil shells from — see Ap- 
pendix II., p. 54 
Mineral character, persistency of, why ap- 
parently greatest in older rocks, 331 
■ characters, proofs of contempora- 
neous origin derived from, 37, 
Mineral composition of the sub-Apennine 
strata, 157 
of rocks no proof of contemporane- 
ous origin, 161 
Minerals in the cavities of lava, Isle of Cy- 
clops, 81 
Miocene period, term whence derived, 54 
proportion of living species in the 
fossil shells of the, 54 
— position of the beds referrible to the 
— see diagrams, Nos. 3 and 4, 20, 21 
-— - mammiferous remains of the, 59 
— — Marine formations of the, 202 
fresh-water formations of the, 219 
> volcanic rocks of the, 222 
• alluviums, localities of, 217 
fossil shells of the — see tables Ap- 
pendix I. 
general results derived from the fossil 
shells of the — Appendix I., p. 47 
' number of fossil species of shells 
common to different formations referrible 
to the, ib., p. 47. 
number of living species in the fossil 
shells or the, ib., p. 48 
number of species common to the 
pliocene and, ib., p. 49 
geographical distribution of the liv- 
ing species of the, ib., 51 
Mirambeau, red clay and sand of, 208 
Mismer, 'dip of the crag strata in a cliff 
between Dunwich and — see wood-cut, 
No. 33, 175 
Misterbianco, valleys excavated through 
blue marl at, 77 
Mitchell, Major, on breccias in Australian 
caves, 143 
Mitscherlich, M., on the minerals found in 
Somma, 121 
Modern causes, remarks on the term, 3l9 
Molasse, thickness of, at Stein, 153 
of Switzerland, 212 
its place in the series of tertiary for- 
mations not yet known, 212 
Mole, transverse valley of the, 298 
Molluscous animals, superior longevity of 
the species of, 48 
Mont Dor, age of the volcano of, 260, 262 
i its height, form, and composition, 261 
Mont Ferrat, tertiary strata of the hills of, 21 
— . — hills of, geological structure of the, 211 
Monte Calvo, section from to the sea— see 
diagram No. 29, 167 
Monte Cerio, unaltered shells found in the 
gypsum of, 159 
Monte Grifone, caves containing osseous 
breccias in, 141 
Montlosier, M., on alluviums of different 
ages in Auvergne, 267 
Monte Mario, marine strata of, 138 
■ shells changed into calcareous spar 
in, 160 
