INDEX. 
107 
Trimmingham, manner in which the crag 
strata rest on the chalk near — see dia- 
gram No. 30, 173 
view of a promontory of chalk and 
crag near — -see wood-cut No. 41, 179 
section of the northern protuberance 
of chalk at — see wood-cut No. 42, 180 
Tripolitza, plain of, breccias now forming 
in the, 144 
Tufa, calcareous, the hills of Rome capped 
by, 138 
' (usk of the mammoth found in, near 
Rome, 138 
Tuff, dikes of, how formed, 70 
in the hill of Novera — see diagram 
No. 8, 70 
■ volcanic, recent shells in, near Na- 
ples, 126 
shells found in, at great heights in 
Ischia, 126 
Turin, tertiary formations of, 211 
fossil shells of — see Tables, Appendix I. 
Tuscany, fresh-water formations of, 137 
1 age of the volcanic rocks of, 183 
Uddevalla, elevated beaches of, 135 
Unconformability of strata, remarks on 
the, 30, 33 
Universal formations, remarks on the 
theory of, 38 
Universality of red marl, remarks on the 
supposed, 333 
" of certain hypogene rocks, 376 
Upper marine formations of the Paris basin 
how formed, 248 
Val d'Arno, Upper, mineral character of 
the lacustrine strata of the, 161 
fresh-water formations of the, 219 
mammiferous remains of the, 220 
Val del Bove, great valley on east side of 
Etna — see wood-cut No. 17, 83 
its length, depth, &c, 84 
description of the, 87 
its circular form, 87 
■ dikes numerous in the, 87 
dip of the beds in the, 87 
section of buried cones seen in, 88 
. , difference in the dip of the beds 
where these occur, 88 
scenery of the, 88 
form, composition, and origin of the 
dikes in, 90 
■ view of, from the summit of Etna — 
see wood-cut No. 22, 93 
lavas and breccias of the, 93 
1 origin of the, 95 
floods in, caused by melting of snow 
by lava, 96 
Valdemone, formations of, 75 
Val di Calanna, its crateriform shape, 85 
— dip of the beds in the, 85 
Val di Calanna, its origin, 85 
began to be filled up by lava in 1811 
and 1819— see wood-cut No. 18, 86 
Val di Noto, formations of the, 63 
divisible into three groups — see dia- 
gram No. 5, 64 
volcanic rocks of the, 63, 67 
volcanic conglomerates of the, 73 
- proofs of the gradual accumulation of 
the formations of the, 73 
■ connexion of the formations of the, 
with those at the base of Etna — see 
diagram No. 12, 76 
■ form of the valleys in the limestone 
districts of the, 110 
inland cliffs seen on the east side of, 
111 
igneous rocks of the, 361 
fossil shells from the— see Appendix 
II., p. 53 
Vale of Pewsey, 308 
Valley of the Nadder, 308 
of the Weald — see Weald 
Valleys, of elevation, 305 
on Etna, account of, 83 
— of Sicily, their form — see wood-cut 
No. 23,110 
most rapidly excavated where earth- 
quakes prevail, 113, 148 
— — and parallel troughs between the 
North and South Downs, how formed, 
294 
transverse, of the North and South 
Downs, 298 
how formed — see wood-cut No. 74, 
300 
■ and furrows on the chalk, how 
caused, 311 
of the South-east of England, how 
formed, 319 
Valmondois, rolled blocks of calcaire gros- 
sier in the upper marine sandstone of, 
249 
Valognes, tertiary strata of the environs of, 
276 
■ fossil shells of— see Tables, Appen- 
dix I. 
Van der Wyck, M., on the Eifel district, 
201 
Var, river, large quantities of gravel swept 
into the sea by the, 168, 169 
Vatican, hill of the, calcareous tufa on the, 
138 
Veaugirard, alternation of calcaire grossier 
and plastic clay at, 244 
Veins of lava on Etna — see wood-cut No 
20, 91 
Velay, bones of extinct quadrupeds in vol- 
canic scoriae in, 219 
. fresh-water formations of, 235 
age of the volcanic rocks of, 224 
260, 262 ' 
