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In speaking of Nietzsche it is very natural to turn to 
the English advocate of the superman, and I find ready to 
my hand two new books. One is 
"Bernard Sh«w i A Critical Study." By P. P. Howe. 
(Seeker.) 
Now, we cannot say of Mr. Shaw that he is a " caricature of 
his (Nietzsche's) notion of a disciple," for Mr. Shaw would 
indignantly deny that he is a disciple of Nietzsche or anyone 
else that has ever lived in the world. But it happens that he 
has spent about half of his active life in asserting the super- 
manish idea of the duty of every man to be himself to the 
utmost, translating the moral and transcendental ideal of 
Nietzsche on to that everyday, workaday plane which in 
intellectual matters is supposed to be the sphere of the 
Englishman. The war, in removing us by a generation or 
two from everything that preceded it, has put men like 
Mr. Shaw under the perspective of distance ; and though he 
still remains to us a brilliant dialectical essayist, a stylist 
with an incisive pen, a satirist with a gift for exposing the 
foibles and minor hypocrisies of his time, a humanitarian 
who attempted to be a dramatist, and a witty, likeable 
historical personage, notable in his day, he seems thin now 
in comparison with the great men. 
But that is no reason why Mr. Howe should treat him as 
a mere joke and an excuse for fireworks. It is true Mr. 
Shaw's manner has never lent itself to reverential treatment 
at the hands of a critic ; but Mr. Howe might at least have a 
little reverence for his own functions as a critic. Regarded 
as a squib, or as a Fabian Society debating joke, his 
attack on Mr. Shaw is amusing. But it happens to fill a 
whole book. He quite truly points out, in sentences which 
•coruscate with Chestertonian raillery, that Shaw is, 
first and foremost, a Fabian advocating " efficiency," that 
his style aims only at effective assertion, that his dramas 
are only so many excuses for " talking," that his characters 
are puppets, that his " laughs " are debating-society retorts, 
that he is not an artist, and that he has only made " serious 
drama " funny.' But he seems to admit that Mr. Shaw is a 
moralist, and he should, therefore, as a critic, have examined 
that part of him in which his excellence lies— his moral 
principles and beliefs. Mr. Howe acknowledges that he can 
state a case ; he does him less than justice in not explaining 
that he had also a case to state. 
■ " Killing for Sport." By Various Writers. Edited by 
H. S. Salt. (Bell.) 2i. 6d. net. 
Here Mr. Shaw describes himself " as a critic and as a 
castigator of morals by ridicule (otherwise a writer of 
comedies) " It is characteristic of him that he damages 
the arguments of the writers who follow him by making 
light of the injury that is done to the animals " killed for 
sport," dwelling entirely upon the moral damage that is 
done to those who kill. 
" The Human German." 
(Methuen.) 10s. 6d. net. 
By Edward Edgeworth. 
If we would study German " culture " on its domestic, 
social, everyday, average side, we may learn something from 
Mr. Edgeworth 's book. The author suffers from facetious- 
ness, and a slawgy, staccato style. The merit of his book 
lies in the fact '.liat he is writing of what he knows familiarly, 
and he shows us various types of German — the hapless 
middle-class official, the maid-servant, the tradesman, the 
professor, and even the baby. A superficial book, but 
instructive as a picture of Germans in their homes, in the 
street, at the theatre, or on holiday. I am inclined to think 
that it shows us German " culture " on its worst side. 
BEFORE THE WAR 
" Frederick the Great and Kaiser Joseph : An Episode 
of War. Diplomacy in the Eighteenth Century." By 
Harold Temperley. (Duckworth.) Ss. net. 
We cannot get to the beginning of the European tangle 
without considering Frederick the Great, and I wish I had 
more space to give to Mr. Temperley's masterly account of 
Frederick's later years and his relations with the Emperor 
Joseph. Tiie book was written before the war began, and is 
to a considerable extent based upon a study of unpublished 
dispatches from Berlin and Vienna in i77'»-79. Circum- 
stances have given it a topfcal interest, for it discusses the 
consolidation of Prussia and the character of the man whom 
Wilhelm II. believes to be his alia ego. Now we see the 
Mr. MURRAY'S NEW BOOKS 
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And Ess.'iys ou other Subjects. By the VISCOUNT ESHER, 
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