March 13, 1915. 
iuAND AND [SKATER, 
gram which reached London after the last number 
of this paper was going to press, did get into 
Kolomea, and, what is more, though we were told 
nothing about it at the time, they got, what was 
much more serious, into Stanislaus. A further 
effort, carrjang them to Tarnapol at T, would have 
turned the Russian positions m Galicia ; so much 
so that it would nave involved the Russians 
retreating from Lemberg and the relief of 
Przerasyl — in a word, the abandonment of the 
whole Carpathian front by the Russian armies. I 
cannot find that we were told that Stanislaus had 
fallen into Austro-German hands, but this indeed 
was involved in the mention of an action at the 
point marked X to the north of Stanislaus, and, 
roughly speaking, during the four or five days, 
Februarj' 27 to March 3, it would seem as though 
this railway junction of Stanislaus, and the direct 
line to Przemsyl which runs from it, was in the 
hands of the enemy. 
But we now know that an action, offensive 
upon the Russian side, was successful. Kolomea 
would seem still to be in Austrian hands. There 
is therefore still the opportunity for the enemy 
to provision himself across the mountains by rail- 
way line No. 4 and to continue his new effort. 
Stanislaus, and with it the railway parallel to the 
rang©, which is tmder the mountains from S 
lo P, was retaken by the Russians upon Thursday 
last, March 4, and if it can be retained by them 
the point will be of capital importance. For so 
long as Stanislaus is in Russian hands the single 
line from No. 4 across the mountaiuij will hardly 
provision a sufficient effort from the northward 
against the flank of the Russian army to Galicia* 
Very hea-vy fighting has taken place, roughly 
along the line M N in the eastern foothills of the 
range, with the object of relieving Przemsyl, but 
also with the further object of bringing pressure 
to bear here, while the flanking movement was ia 
progress to the plain, and with the further object) 
of seizing the railway line S P. According to 
the Russian accounts all these efforts have so far 
been brought to a standstill, with very heavy loss 
to the enemy. 
What the Austro- Germans were trying to do 
in this latter plan can best be described in the 
folIoAving two diagrams, L being Lemberg and 
P Przemsyl, the invested fortress. Przemsyl 
the Austro- Germans attacked across the Car- 
pathians in numbers increasing as one went 
further south along the line, their object being to 
push the original Russian line at E F back to 
A B C, and thence back into a rectangular form, 
such as A B C, which done, they could mass to 
bring the greatest pressure against A B— that is, 
against the flank of the territory occupied by tho 
main Russian army. This army was facing south- 
west, towards E F, with the object of forcing tho 
Carpathians when the moment should permit that 
operation. A strong attack in flank upon A B 
would have forbidden it to continue its pressure 
against the south-west, and, if successful, would 
have compelled it to retire from Galicia alto- 
gether, to raise the siege of Przemsyl, to fall back 
behind Lemberg, along the arrow (1). If it bft 
