June 26, 1915. 
LAND AND WATER< 
THE WAR BY LAND. 
By HILAIRE BELLOG. 
NOTE. — This article has been submitted to the Press Bureau, which does not object to the publication as censored, and takes n* 
responsibility for the correctness of the statements. 
In accordance with the requirements of the Pr::ss Bureau, the positions of troops on Plans illustratini; this Article must only b« 
rejjarded as approximate, and no definite strength at any point is indicated. 
THE fighting upon the West this week, 
very important in its ultimate effect of 
wearing down the line of the enemy and 
proving the coming power of the as 
yet undeveloped offensive in the West, is not yet 
upon a scale, does not yet comprise ^lovements so 
considerable as to permit of a general analysis. 
iWe have, perhaps, not long tu wait before the 
iWest will provide all the material for these pages. 
The same is true of the new Italian front, 
upon which in the past week no considerable 
change has happened, because there has been no 
massing t^ yet of the main Italian concentration. 
The principal m.aterial of the week is still upon 
the Eastern front, and concerns the fate of Lem- 
berg. 
THE B.VTTLE FC^ LEMBERG. 
The evacuation of Leinberg and the with- 
drawal of the Russian line behind that town must 
not be represented, as has rightly been every pre- 
vious retirement through Galicia upon the part of 
our Ally, as a mere withdrawal from a geographi- 
cal area. Lemberg is politically the capital of 
Galicia, and particularly of that sole portion of 
Galicia which is partly Russian by tradition. 
Strategically, Lemberg is much more than this. 
It is the point upon which all the railways 
serving the Eastern section of Galicia con- 
verge. He who has Lemberg possesses the power 
of moving troops from north-west to south-east at 
will. A commander defending Lemberg from the 
east against an enemy advancing from the west 
can move troops from Tomasov/ (1) through the 
Rawa Ruska J unction, or, again, along the railway 
which comes into that same junction from the 
west (2); or, again, through the Jaworow Rail- 
way, through Lemberg itself, (3) ; thence south- 
ward and westward by the main line towards 
Grodek (4) ; by the next line (5), which ultimately 
leads to Sambor; by the next line again (6), which 
ultimately leads to Stryji; and by the great main 
lateral line (7) (it is true it is only a single one), 
which goes all along the defensive line of the 
Dniester as far as Halicz. Further, he can call 
in men and munitions from behind his line by the 
little railway to Sokal (8) ; by the longer one to the 
frontier passing through Kavionka (9); by both 
the great main lines from the Russian bases : that 
passing through Brody (10) and that coming 
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