LAND AND WATER. 
July 3, 1915. 
day W May he very nearly did effect his purpose. 
.The Russian lines on the Dunajetz and the Biala 
were in danger of breaking. Their continuity 
was only just saved. But the chances of the 
enemy's breaking them dwindles steadily from 
that day on. The chances of their being broken 
in the immediate future are almost negligible. 
So long as the Russians hold even so distant 
a line as that served by the lateral railway from 
Rowno to Ivangorotl, the Vistula line is not 
turned. .Warsaw is safe. 
Now the line from Rowno to Ivangorod lies 
in front of a belt of country in places marshy, 
possessed of few roads, and such that the bnnpmg 
up of heavy munitions will be very difhcult 
indeed. Up to the Austrian railhead at l.T.T. 
the Austro- German superiority in big guns tells 
North of these there is fifty to sixty miles of 
empty land, up to the Rowno-Ivangorod Ime. An 
analysis of this line may not be uninteresting. 
Up to Kowel it is a double line. Its further 
sections (with feeders going off, of course, to the 
north) are single. That is a drawback for a 
lateral railway lying behind any considerable 
force, but the railway would still be a sufficient 
avenue of supply for the forces Iving in front of 
it. We may take it for granted that numerous 
sidings have been provided, and very possibly the 
line has even been doubled. 
As for road communications whereby, though 
tardily, heavy munitions could be brought up by 
the Austro- Germans over the railless belt between 
the Lemberg system and the Rowno-Ivangorod 
line, there are only two centres, Luck and AVladi- 
mir-Wolynski, upon which such roads converge. 
Both of these are in the eastern part ; the critical 
western part, which screens the Vistula line and 
Warsaw, is far less provided with roads. We 
must also remember that the season in Galicia has 
been very wet. The whole district is a tangle of 
marshes and woods, and, apart from these few 
very bad roads, the heavy enemy artillery cannot 
act at all. It is fair to conclude that the defence 
of this lateral line of supply, Rowno-Ivangorod, 
offers very good chances indeed to our Ally, and 
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