LAND AND WATER. 
July 3, 1915. 
Venus was allowct! to pass on once her contraband 
was jettisoned. The Davanger, it is true, was 
destroyed, but only after a sort of trial — a mild 
ac-knowlodgment that law, after all, exists. The 
third case — except for the humanity in towing 
away the crew — is certainly incompatible with 
the other two. The inconsistency may be ex- 
plained by the cajjtain of the attacking boat 
lu\ving left harbour before the captains of the 
fvther two. There is a bare possibility that 
instructions of milder conduct have been issued. 
The Norwegians complain that none of their 
ships attacked recently have perceived any mark, 
number, or flag on the pirate boats, and they^ 
assume that tlie captains are conscious that a 
pirate's commission is unworthy of a great 
nation's nav}'. But English ships that have 
recently been torpedoed have noticed the numbers 
on the enemy's submarines. U31, for instance, 
is identified in yesterday morning's reports, and 
the Edith was attacked off Youghal on the 27th 
b}' a boat that was actually flyino- the Union 
Jack! 
THE RliCORD ANALYSED. 
My last v/eek's record has brought me so 
many inquiries that I have attempted this week 
one or two analyses which seem to be interesting. 
Here are two tables giving (a) the tonnage of the 
ships sunk between February 19 and June 17, and 
{b) tiie tonnage of the ships attacked but not 
sunk. Out of ninety-nine ships attacked of 
nnder 3,000 tons, only four, or, say, four per cent., 
failed to sink; while of the forty-eight over 3,000 
tons, twelve, or twenty-five per cent., survived 
and were brought into port. The average ton- 
nage of these twelve ships which escaped was 
3,827 tons. The average tonnage of all the ships 
ittacked (excluding the Lusitania) was 2,154 tons, 
and if we exclude the Lusitania at one end of 
the list and all those under 300 tons at the other, 
the average is 2,536. About the ships under 300 
tons this curious fact comes to light. Twenty- 
three have been attacked and sunk, but of these 
^ix were torpedoed before May 26 and seventeen 
in the campaign which is just over. Is this the 
increased ruthlessness of Reventlow ? 
It is difficult to draw conclusive deductions 
from the above facts, but two comments seem 
obvious. The larger ship, merely from being 
larger, seems to have a better chance of surviving 
the torpedo; the smaller ship, being slower, has 
a far less chance of avoiding the submarine. And 
by this I do not mean that, once the submarine is 
seen, a better chance of escaping it, but that, being 
Blower, It affords the submarine a target which 
can both be waylaid and overhauled, instead of a 
target that can only be waylaid. 
_, _ , Gnoup A. 
M Cubano J^, 2 39 Superb Ju„« 7 
" ^""''^^< .. 6 60 Da^angtr ""["Z. "„ 14 
THE JUNE ATTACK. 
In the appended outline map I have 
attempted, as far as my information goes, to give 
the approximate position of each of the attacks 
between Ju^e 1 and June 17 inclusive, and I 
have done this so as to make it possible to form 
some kind of estimate as to the number of sub- 
marines likely to have been engaged in the work 
accomplished between these two dates. Assumin^^ 
the positions to be approximately right, this cam- 
paign divides itself into seven separate groups. 
Ga the map the ships are numbered from 20 
to 62 in the order in which they were attacked 
chronologically. In the separate lists they are 
enumerated as they are growped upon the map by, 
locality. 
Tounag«. 
300 
Numher of shipfl 
aUa<.ked but not sunk. 
300—1,000 3 
1,000-2,000 1 
2,000—3,000 — 
3,000—4,000 4 
4,000-5,000 5 
5,000—6,000 1 
6,000—7,000 — 
7,000— B.OOO 1 
8,000—9,000 — 
9,000 and over 1 
16 
Gboup B. 
Total 147. 
Number of 
elnpe eunk. 
.... 23 
.... 24 
.... 20 
.... 19 
.... 21 
.... 9 
131 
24 Delta B Jano 2 
28 Penfeld „ 3 
33 Inkum „ 4 
37 Express „ 7 
40 Trudvan „ 7 
41 Susannah , 8 
50 Thmnasina 10 
53 BtUglade June 12 
54 Crown of India „ 12 
58 Hopemount „ 13 
59 Diam-ant „ 13 
61 Stralhrwim „ 15 
62 Trafford „ 17 
Note that between June 1 and 17 the Channel 
from the Scillies to the Straits of Dover was prac- 
tically clear of submarines altogether. Similarly 
no submarine appears to have operated between 
Rathlin Island and St. George's Channel. Last' 
week I stated that the last submarine attack made 
in the Irish Channel was on June 12. This was a 
slip of the pen. The last actually was on March 9, 
The Irish Channel, then, has been clear since 
March 9, the English Channel east of Portsmouth' 
since April 8, and the whole Channel east of the 
SciUies since May 29. 
GaotTp C. 
20 Saidieh Jane 1 
2S E and O „ 3 
29 Boy Horace ,, 4 
36 Menapir Juno 7 
56 Leuclra , 12 
Grottp D. 
44 Laiirestina Juno 9 
45 Britannia „ 9 
47 Intrepid „ „ 10 
51 Edward June 11 
62 Qui Vive „ 11 
Group E. 
23 Cyrus „...Jun8 2 
38 GlitUrlind _ „ 7 
43 Lady Salisbury „ 9 
45 Erna Boldt Jxmo 9 
48 Otago „ 10 
Geoup p. 
65 Desabla Jane 12 
57 Cocoa „ 12 
27 Lappland Jane 3 
31 Economy _ „ 4 
35 Adolf „ 6 
Gboup G. 
22 Salvador June 2 I 30 Dannet Head June 4 
26 lona „ 3 | 49 Dania „ 10 
HOW MANY SUBMARINES? 
Each of the above groups, with the exception 
of B, could quite easily represent the work of a 
single submarine — that is, assuming first that the 
positions I have assigned to the different points 
of attack are correct and that twenty-four hours 
elapses between any two attacks made on succes- 
sive days. But this hardly holds true of Group 
B, where it will be observed that no less than 
thirteen ships were attacked in seventeen days. I 
have no record as to whether all these ships were 
torpedoed, nor how many. Some were probably, 
sunk by gunfire. Nor do I know how many tor- 
pedoes the ocean-going German submarine can 
carry. 
But we learn from an interesting interview 
10* 
