LAND AND WATER 
August 14, 1915. 
20CW-^ 
lOOOO— 
1-Op.ni. I-IS 1-30 I4S 2-0 2IS 2-30 2-4S 3-0 
3-JS 
5-lS 3-30 3-4S 4rO 415 4-30 4-4d' 
13. 
reader to compare with the plan. When the range 
graph is parallel with the bottom of the paper it 
means that there is no change oi" range. Each de- 
parture from parallel shows that the range is 
changing and the angle of the slope indicates the 
rate. Thus, between 1.25 o'clock and 1.30, the 
range was closing at the rate of about 1,100 
yards per minute. It we assume that ships 
can only very rarely hit when the rate is 
high — remember the Lion's feat in hitting 
Ariadne at short range — and cannot hit at all 
when they are changing course, we shall be led to 
see that in certain periods marked on the graph 
the action must have been suspended. In other 
words, the gun fire was not continuous, and, where 
it is not continuous but intermittent, it means that 
the whole process of finding the range has to be 
recommenced each time firing is resumed. The 
actual loss of time thus brought about is much 
greater than the time actually occupied by the 
turns. The significance of this feature of modern 
actions will be seen if we try to analyse the few 
data we have of the Dogger Bank affair. 
In this action. Lion, Tiger, Princess Royal, 
and New Zealand came into action in succession, 
the first at nine minutes past nine, the last at 9.35. 
The range was between 17,000 and 18.000 yards 
at the beginning of the period. By 9.45 Bleucher 
was severely damaged and two other enemy ships 
were on fire. The first had been shot at for 
thirty-five minutes, the other two for much shorter 
periods. Sir David Beatty's squadron was 
closing the range at considerably over 100 yards 
a minute. Yet in the course of the next hour — ■ 
Scale of Sea Miles 
fup^mtnt to I^D iND WATBR, -August .4. . 
