LAND AND WATER. February 3, 1916. 
WAR SUMMARY OF THE WEEK. 
In a message delivered upon Wednesday, January 26th, in London, news was received that the Turks 
before Kut had been heavily reinforced and that the weather during the course of the day's fighting already reported 
(which was five days before, upon Friday, January 21st) had been very bad, strong winds and heavy rain flooding 
much of the ground and hampering operations. 
The Turkish official message with regard to the same action describes the British attack as having taken place 
under the protection of river gun boats and as having developed upon both banks of the Tigris. It claims that our 
force retired some kilometres after attacks and counter-attacks lasting Six hours and that, after the British retire- 
ment 3,003 dead were counted upon the field and mentions the granting of an armistice for the burial of the dead. 
The same communique claims a check administered to another British column, with the loss of about 100 dead at 
the junction of the Tigris and the Euphrates. 
Upon the same day a message was received from General Townshend that his force contained by the enemy 
at Kut el Amara was amply supplied. 
On Tuesday, January 25th, two German aeroplanes dropped 15 bombs upon Dunkirk, killing five parsons and 
wounding three, at about 6 in the morning. Two hours later a British machine off the coast to the North-East of that 
town forced a German seaplane to descend upon the water. On the same day a German aeroplane squadron dropped 
bombs upon Nancy. 
On Wednesday the 26th, after a heavy artillery duel the French re-occupied the last of the crater the enemy's 
min= explosions had formed near Neuville in Artois. The sameday a Zeppelin dropped some bombs on villages near 
Ep^rnay, and there was heavy artillery work against the German positions on the Bois le Protein Lorraine. 
Upon Thursday the 27th, news reached London of an action against the Senussi delivered by General Wallace's 
force on the previous Sunday, the 23rd. The enemy was driven back in the course of the morning. His Camp was 
occupied and about 80 tents burnt. The strength of the enemy is estimated at about 4,500 with three guns and 
three or four machine guns, the Arabs evidently handled by trained soldiers. 
On Friday, the 28th, a German local attack upon the British near Loos was repelled. 
The German official report on the same day gave, since October 1st, the loss of 63 Allied aeroplanes as against 15 
Germap. This statement can only be understood in connection with the fact that the Allies crossed the German lines 
and proceeded far Eastward of them, the German machines very rarely crossing our lines. While the Allies, and espec- 
ially the British, record more than four flights to the German one. 
On the same day, Friday the 28th, a number of local attacks were delivered by the enemy in Artois, the object 
of which it is not easy to decide. They were all repelled. As a reprisal for the Zeppelin raid of the previous Tuesday a 
French dirigible balloon dropped in the night between Thursday and Friday, eighteen 6 inch and twenty 4 inch 
bombs upon Freiburg, especially upon the station and the barracks. 
On the British front there was another local attack near Loos, delivered by the enemy and repelled, and a certain 
amount of mining work near Givenchy. 
News was received the same day of considerable local Russian successes near Erzerum, notably just West 
of Melazghert, north of Lake Van, where a large amount of arms and munitions were captured, many ammunition 
carts and a certain number of prisoners. The town of Kynsskala was entered and held in the pursuit with many 
munitions and a great amount of stores, the Turks retiring towards Mush. A similar success was obtained in Persia 
ssuth of Lake Urmia ; while at the furthest southern point of the Russian line on the road from Hamadan to Bagdad 
ths Russians further advanced. It is probable that the Russians in this move reached, or even passed, Kangawar, 
where the Turks had recently counter-attacked with success. 
On ( aturday, the 29th, a strong German attack against the French, on the Somme, resulted in a considerable 
success for the enemy, 1,300 prisoners, and 13 machine guns taken from the French at Frise, south of the Somme, 
and trenches of the first line over a space of some two miles. The French account shows that this action developed 
over a muci wider front, and that the German attack was completely unsuccessful in all the Southern section, only 
succeeding on the bank of the river itself. 
On Sunday, the 30th, the first counter-attacks of the French had re-occupied portions of the lost ground. 
On Saturday night, the 29th, in conjunction with this expensive, but successful, effort upon the enemy's 
part at Frise, a Zeppelin dropped bombs over Paris, causing 53 casualties, nearly half of which were deaths. 
On the following night, Sunday the 30th, a Zeppelin appeared again and dropped ten bombs, none of which took 
effect. The airships were flying at some 11,000 feet, from which height it was impossible to take aim. The bombs 
were dropped quite at random, and in the second case appear to have missed the city altogether and to have falUn 
only upon waste land upon the outskirts. 
In Alsace the French heavy artillery set fire on the same day to a munitions store east of Munster. News 
renched London upon the same day (Saturday the 29th i, that upon Friday the 28th, the Greek fort of Karaburn, com- 
manding th? entry to the Gulf of Salonika, had been occupied by the French, British, Russian and Italian Marines. 
On Saturday, the 29th, St. Giovanni di Medua and Alessio, on the Adriatic, were occupied, according to the un- 
contradicted Austrian Communique, by Austrian troops, representing an advance of about 20 miles from Scutari, 
