February lo, 1916. 
LAND A N I? i^W A T E R . 
AMERICA AND GERMANY. 
By Arthur Pollen. 
IT looks as if the controversy between Washington 
and BcrUn must at last be terminated one way 
or the other. The issue which President Wilson 
raised in May is quite simple. Mr. Wilson laid 
down in language that is fresh in our memory, that it was 
contrary to justice and humanity that private ships 
should be sunk upon the high seas, without both the 
formahties of search and provision for the safety of 
those on board. The reconciliation between the United 
States and Germany depends upon Germany accept- 
ing this view, and squaring her future conduct by 
Mr. Wilson's code. And Germany cannot accept this 
code without in terms disavowing her previous acts, 
and disavowing them because they are illegal. This 
ance of the American view and a breach between Berlin 
and Washington. But further, unless Mr. Wilson sur- 
renders, there seems no prospect of a breach between the 
two countries being very long postponed. By this 1 mean 
that if Germany yields now, as very likely she will, it 
can only be as a purely temporary expedient. It will be 
done with the idea of putting off the evil day of an open 
quarrel with America for as long as possible. The open 
quarrel is finally inevitable because our blockade, unless 
checked, must, in the course of six months or so prove 
fatal to Germany, and a ruthless and relentless submarine 
war is Germany's only possibly reply. That it has already 
brought her extremely low in many necessaries of life is 
obvious. — • 
That it can and will be made far more stringent 
1. E. 
M 
N 
na JNJ m 
113 4 J 6 7 8 9 lOH 141JH I'lil? I819 M'2111 JjVjjiii? I«'29'30'3t 
A3N 
2. □ 
m 
N 
N 
nQ 
I 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 15 16 17 18 t9 20 21 22 i3 24 251627 28 2$ 30 
.aAAfi 
1 n griNi 
N 
N 
b 
) a 3 4 56 7 8 9 10 1112 13 M 15 16 J7 18 19 2021 222324 25 25 27282930 31 
I 
1 n [ntd . n 
JDU 1213 1415 16 17 18 19 20 21 222s 2* 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 
The above diagrams show ships att>cke>} or sunk by mines and submarines in the months of October, November and December, 1915, and 
January, 1916. Circles denotes ships sunk in the Mediterranean ; squares the ships sunk elsewhere. Blanks indicate British ships ; the 
letter A Allied ships, and N Neutral ships. 
has been Mr. Wilson's contention since May last. This 
has been the point, and the only point, which has kept 
controversy open to the present time. Germany has long 
since offered to pay compensation and has already assured 
tlie United States that instructions have been given to 
the submarine commanders that are co«sonant with 
America's wishes. The controversy then has been kept 
alive solely on the points of disavowal and illegality, 
and on these Germany will not surrender. 
The American correspondents of the London papers 
assure us now that a form of words will be found that 
will get over this difficulty. But there can be no form 
of words that saves German pride that does not involve 
America iui the, humiliation;. .which • Germany avoids, 
i^nd this'being'sQ.i caiiJiot„ji;pr..iKi}^ ojvn. part ajC.cept t^e 
view of the sifuafioifwhicli'fiFie correspondents, have put 
forward. I see no alternative between a German accept-' 
and effective is certain. And a relentless submarine 
blockade is Germany's only answer, because if submarines 
have to comply with Mr. Wilson's rules their power for 
mischief is reduced to a point of virtual impotence. 
Are there any evidences that Germany has a very 
severe submarine campaign in contemplation ? The 
record of the submarine and mine campaign of the last 
four months shows that there were 21 successes in 
October, 53 in November, 43 in December and 25 in 
January, The Mediterranean, campaign shows five in 
October, 25 in November, 17 in December and seven in 
January. The home waters campaign, 16 in October 
28 in November, 26 in December and 18 in January. It 
. looks then as if the Mediterranean campaign had been 
.got in hand and that the home wafers campaign liad 
never recovered from the ligure it was reduced to after the 
'heavy toll our counter campaign had taken of the pirates 
