46 
LAND & WATER 
Mc\v 25, 1916 
(ContinHtd from /lage U) 
British Oversea Dominions and Colonies will to a large 
extent taboo trade with Germany. 
Table J. — Showing, for the Twelve Principal British Empire 
Dominions and Colonies combined : — 
1. — Their Imports from the United Kingdom. 
II. — Their Imports from All Countries other than the 
United Kingdom. 
III. — Their Imports from All Countries. 
IV. — The Loss of the United Kingdom's Lead over 
Other Countries as regards the supply of Imports 
into the Twelve Hri'tisli Dominions and Colonies. 
Yearly Impotto 
iuto tbe Twelve BrItUb Domlalons and 
Colonlea. 
I.— From Uw 
II.— Vrom all 
in.— Total Im- 
IV. 
-The United 
Unit«d King- 
Countries other 
ports from all 
Ki»l£d(iiii*fl liead 
DECiDI. 
dom. 
than the United 
Countries. 
over other Coim- 
1 K inKdom 
(a-fb) 
ttin. (a=b). , 
(») 
(b) 
(e) 
(d) 
Million £ 
Millian £ 
Million £ 
Million £ 
]B»»-I8d9 
106.2 
66.7 
172.9 
39.5 
18ai-lS90 
110.4 
89.5 
179.9 
40.9 
1 882-1 891 
112.8 
72.2 
185.0 
40.6 
1S«3 1892 
lis. 3 
73.9 
187.2 
39.4 
1884-1893 
113.7 
74.8 
188.5 
38.9 
1885-1894 
114.4 
76.2 
190.6 
38.2 
1888-189.'. 
115.1 
77.5 
192.6 
37.6 
1887-1896 
11«.5 
80.1 
196.8 
36.4 
1888-1897 
118.1 
82.8 
200.9 
35.3 
18J*1>-1898 
118.7 
85.5 
204 . 2 
33.2 
18911-1899 
118.4 
89.2 
207.6 
29.2 
18111-1990 
119.2 
94.0 
213.2 
25.2 
18!I2-19()1 
120.8 
99.4 
220.2 
21! 4 
lSfl:l-19()2 
125.0 
100.11 
231.0 
19.0 
18114 19();! 
128.9 
114. « 
243.5 
14.3 
189.'. 1904 
132.7 
122.9 
255.6 
9.8 
189«-19ll.". 
137.4 
132.2 
209.6 
5.2 
1«»7 19<1« 
143.2 
140.6 
283.8 
2.6 
] 898- 1907 
1.50.3 
149.3 
299.6 
l.U 
18m»-1908 
156.1 
159.2 
317.3 
— 
1900-1909 
163.9 
105.9 
329.8 
-~ 
From p. 39fi •' "■•■ >•■"'■.■ Hkitisii Trade Book, Fourth Issue. Based upon the 
various - - covcrinn tiie p<'rit>d 1880-1909. 
Koto that ill ''-i. " <nher'<'.)uiitrif*s " .supphiuted the I'nited Kingdom 
at preduitiiii..>i. r.^ ..' >~ ... ;..o marki't^ of British Dominions and Colonies. Prominent 
among tiiese " Other countries " are Germany and the Vnited States. 
The greater the extent to which German trade can be 
killed by non-participation in trading with Germany, 
by the British Empire and her friends, the more difficult 
will it be for Germany to prepare again to attack us and 
our Allies. Our aim should be to keep this brutal nation 
deprived of markets in which to sell her production. If 
Germany is allowed to raise her head after she is beaten, 
the death's head helmet will be on that head in a few 
years and once more this nation of murderers will be let 
loose on civilisation. And Mr. Asquith promised our 
merchants bent on the reform of our trade — a peace 
book. My fellow citizens, whose sons with mine have 
died for their country, we must band together to defend 
our country against the future German menace and 
against the future apathy and shortsightedness of those 
in authority in this country. An essential reform to 
meet the danger is the reconstruction of British Empire 
production and trade without delay. 
The Band of the Coldstream Guards will play at Royal 
Botanic Gardens, on Saturday and Sunday afternoons during 
the summer, beginning on Saturday week. 
The Sixth Edition of the Cambridge University War List 
has just been issued by The Cambridge Review. It contains 
11,834 names of past and present Members of the University 
of Cambridge on service. The following Colleges head the 
list : — Trinity 2,670, Pembroke 1,164 ^^d Gonville and 
Caius 1,147. AH the colleges show an increase. The 
casualties in killed, wounded and missing amount to 2,004, 
and the Honours List contains 868 names. At tlie end of the 
war the Syndics of the Cambridge Univ-ersity Press propose 
to publish, by arrangemt.-iit witli Tlit' Cambridge Review, 
a complete official list of members of the l^niversity who have 
served in the war, with brief biographical details of those who 
have been killed, and a list of distinctions conferred. 
Considered from the point of •'view of dramatic effect, Miss 
F. E. Mills Young's novel. The Bywonner, is hardly up to the 
le%'el of its predecessors, but as a picture of South African life 
it is the best work she has yet done, and compares favourably 
even with Olive Schreiner's one great book. The by- 
wonner's daughter, Adela.is the central figure of the book, 
and her tragedy is vividly pictured ; we are not nearly so 
much interested in her brother and his love story, and, in 
fact, the life goes out of the novel with Adela, some fifty 
pages or more from its end. In spite of this, it is all 
picturesque work, informed with thorough knowledge of 
veldt life and people, and well above the average in character- 
isation and stvle. 
Motoring Overseas 
By H. Massac Buist 
THE war is exercising no less direct an effect on 
motoring enterprise in the Empire overseas tlian 
is the progress that has been achieved in automobile 
design and manufacturing methods in the interval 
of nearly two years since the start of the campaign. 
The demands of it have been so great as to make huge drafts 
on the stocks of horses practicallv throughout the world, 
and particularly in Australia and Canada. A result has 
been that to-day the overseas market for utihty .motor 
machinery has reached proportions which, had there" been no 
campaign, would probably not have been attained in less than 
five or six years hence. 
Here we may see something of the law of compensation. 
Had the present demand arisen under peace conditions, the 
bulk of the utility motor vehicles that would have been placed 
on the market to meet it would have proved more or less un- 
satisfactory. The experience necessary to make them 
satisfactory would have had to be gained at the expense of 
users in all parts of the Empire and over a period of years. 
The average British manufacturer was content to evolve 
vehicles suitable for service on developed British highways 
and to be worked under conditions neither of extreme heat 
nor of extreme cold. Generally his idea of supplving machines 
of similar capacity for use overseas took the forrn of gearing 
them lower, and of providing them with a greater ground 
clearance, stiffer springs and stronger steering joints. 
But because of the war he has been forced to supply vehicles 
for service with our armies in all the several areas in which 
arms are engaged. The unsuitability of the majority of the 
machines for working under conditions either of extreme 
heat or of extreme cold, over routes which we at home would 
scorn to recognise as roads, with continual exposure iri that 
war vehicles are usually parked in the open, was quicklv 
and abundantly manifest. The old excuse " that it is no't 
reasonable to expect a man to build motor vehicles to stand 
that sort of abuse" no longer availed. Stern necessity 
demanded that suitable machines should be standardised 
and forthcoming in the necessary quantities ; also that that 
work should be done against a strict time limit, our Russian 
Allies, no less than ourselves, ha\-ing urgent need of ever- 
increasing motor services. 
Good Effect of War 
Thus through the war, in less than two years a degree of 
motor development has been attained which else would have 
taken many seasons to achieve. The fruits of this artificially 
rapid evolution are already available to the Empire overseas. 
It may be objected that, by reason of war's heavy demands 
on manufacturing at home, at present British motor makers 
are not able to supply the demands of British users overseas, 
who are therefore dependent for the most part on the American 
industry. Such a statement is true as far as it goes ; but it is 
incomplete. As concerns their best features, the larger sorts 
of utility motor vehicles which America is supplying to the 
Empire to-day are the result of our work towards solving the 
transport problems presented by this war. 
The reason is that the demand was so sudden and so great 
that the only way to meet it was for our military authorities 
to place large orders with the American industry, not for such 
vehicles as it was then producing but, for machines embody- 
ing this, that and the other features of design which our ex- 
perience had enabled us to evolve. 
The longer the war lasts the greater will be the demand as 
w.ell for men as for horses, therefore alike in Canada, Australia, 
South Africa, India and other parts of the Empire the need 
for various types of motor machinery to supersede horse 
service and the handling of which calls for fewer men in 
proportion to work done, must continue to increase. 
Nor should we conclude erroneously that the coming of 
peace will put a period to such demand. To do so would 
be utterly to fail to appreciate what the motor amounts to 
as an Imperial factor. Let us have in mind that the effects 
of this war on tire cost of living are world-wide. Even the 
United States which has passed from the position of a 
borrowing to that of a lending nation, is a country where the 
costs of living are rising all the time. In some districts the 
retail price of petrol, for example, is as high as it is here, 
allowing for the fact that the English gallon is one fifth larger 
than the American one. 
The only way satisfactorily to overcome the problem of the 
increased and increasing cost of living, which is manifest in 
different wav's in different countries, is to enable the individual 
iContinued on poe<: 4S.) 
