June 22, 1916 
LAND & WATER 
there is a track. Perhaps he can use in this weather 
certain rough tracks through the woods as well, but at any 
rate he cannot do as much at Godomichi as at Kolki. 
It is to be presumed that the narrow passage between 
the Stokhod and the Styr is held strongly by the Russians. 
At any rate, this point would be a difficult one for the 
enemy to attack upon on account of its distance from 
his railway. His success or failure will still depend upon 
his efforts at Kolki and Godomichi, and it is upon these 
points that we must fix our attention in order to judge 
the measure of our Allies' and their opponents' action in 
this region during the next few days. 
Meanwhile, there is a very important piece of news 
arrived in London just before these hues are written. 
It is to the effect that the Russians in some force have 
reached the neighbourhooa of Gorokho\' upon the main 
road which leads from Lutsk to Lemberg. 
The despatch which tells us of this does not mention 
lighting in Gorokhov itself but, after speaking of a violent 
Austrian effort (which captured 3 Russian guns and 
against which a strong local counter-offensive had to be 
taken just east of Lokatchi) goes on to tell us of two 
actions which clearly prove the presence of considerable 
Russian bodies close to Gorokhov upon the main road. 
There is mention of a whole regiment in action with 
horse artillery — an advance body — an advance body, 
therefore, but a considerable one operating at Korytnitzy, 
taking prisoners and machine guns. But, what is more 
important, there is also a nicntion of another operation 
on a rather larger scale at Bojeff near Gorokhov. 
itojanow 
"^ttgltsh Miles' 
they only modify the enemy's front, but down from the 
north upon Lemberg they may — improbably — achieve 
a true decision. 
II 
Southern Field of Operations : Gzernowitz 
The" next field to which we must turn our attention is 
the extreme opposite end of the line : The Bukovina and 
its capital, the town of Czernowitz. 
The Russians are here making another, southern dent, 
corresponding — though much shallower — to the northern 
dent, and creating another flank whence the central 
positions covering Lemberg and in front of Tarnopol may 
be threatened. In a word, they are making one .of those 
great salients the "pinching off" of which is the obvious 
and only strategy possible in a vast advance of this Sort. 
They are doing exactly what the Austro-Germans did 
against them last year— but with this difference, that 
they are taking more prisoners and are less tied by heavy 
artillery, while their opponents have far less space on 
which to fall back and are more exhausted in men. 
This southern indentation. Ithough far less marked 
than the northern one of the Lutsk-Koyel region, 
is yet of great importance, and that on account of the 
nature of the obstacles here present and of the com- 
munications which man has established in the region. 
When the Russians began their movement in this 
quarter they were planted just south of the Dniester in 
the region of Okna and the distance separating their lines 
Just outside Gorokhov on the great road between Lutsk 
and Lemberg, and about 11 miles from the frontier of 
Galicia, a tongue of wood lies across that road, through 
which wood the advance column of the Russians was 
feeling its way, presumably upon the morning of Sunday 
last the i8th. This tongue of wood is called the Wood of 
Bojeff from the name of the village standing somewhat 
off the road at its southern extremity. It was in this wood 
that the Russians took prisoners a whole battalion with 
four machine guns. They secured the whole wood ; they 
have debouched from it, and the head of their column is 
quite probably at the moment of writing in Gorokhov. 
The importance of this news lies in the advance it 
shows along the main road between Lutsk and the rail- 
head at Steojnow and so by road and rail on to Lemberg. 
It means that the south-western thrust against the 
northern flank of the central Austro-German bulge has 
now come very near to its point of trial. 
That point of trial, as we have seen, is rumoured to be 
a defensive line recently organised and uniting the three 
railheads of Vladimir- Volinsky, Sokal and Stojanow. 
It is more probably a line covering these three railheads, 
but actually lying along the stream of the Luga and carried 
eastward and southward till it reaches the ( ialician fron- 
tier. Upon their power to force this hne and seriously 
to meance the great Austro-German central salient from 
its new flank in the north will largely depend the future 
success of the Russians in this campaign. For by Kovel 
^ 
i^c 
-^■■distriU ^ ^^ 20 MiUs so 
from the Carpathian mountains was not fifty miles 
across. Czernowitz, the railway junction at this point 
(corresponding in importance to Kovel in the north), 
was little more than 15 miles away. Yet should they gain 
possession of Czernowitz they would have done upon the 
south work corresponding to, and as valuable as, the work 
in the north. The occupation of the Bukovina and 
of its railway centre Czernowitz would place them right 
iipon a most vulnerable flank of the great salient. 
Southern fialicia is approached from the south by one 
main railway line, which forms the lateral communica- 
tion for all armies defending it, and which runs from 
Czernowitz to I^eniberg, from south-east to north-west. 
All the other communications of this district are roughly 
parallel to this main line. The other railway, and a 
great number of good roads, all follow the same general 
