12 
LAND & ^\• A T E R 
June 22, 1916 
not apparcntlv touched at a British port and the destruc- 
tion oft the Dutch coast seems t() have been purely wanton. 
No warning was given and the crew were left to shift for 
themselves. The Bure bound from London to Christiania, 
was also sunk without warning and one of the crew was 
killed. One British steamer the Elmgrove was sub- 
marined earlier in the month, and the Dalcj^arth on the 
eve of the battle, but we have no infomuition as to 
where these outrages took place. 
On the other hand, attacks on trading vessels in the 
Mediterranean appear to have slacked off the last 
fortnight. The almost complete stoppage of attacks 
here and their recrudescence in the North Sea are puzzling 
phenomena. Has America intervened, and have the 
Austrian and German submarines in the Mediterranean 
conformed to the conditions imposed on (iermany in 
May ? Or have the measures we have concerted with 
France and Italy, for extirpating the undersea pest, 
proved effective ? Are the attacks on the Elmgrove, 
Orkedal and Bure in the North Sea indicative of a Cicrman 
intention to revive the attack in home waters ? For the 
moment, we simply do not know. But, as was pointed 
out in these columns when Berlin gave the undertaking 
on May 4th, it was one that would only be kept so long 
as Germany is afraid of American intervention. Indeed, 
one of the embarrassments that the claim to victory 
on May 31st has brought on the German Government is 
that it is urged by the Jingoes to revive the submarine 
war ! Do the Presidential election and the imminence 
of trouble in Mexico afford the opportunity ? 
Perhaps the only immediate result of the Jutland 
battle has been that the Allied Powers have at last had 
the courage to bring naval pressure to bear on Greece. 
The position there is no doubt obscure. But if, as seems 
probable, the Greek Government is being bullied by 
(icrman agents into unfriendly courses, the remedy is in 
our hands! Greece depends on the sea for a great deal 
more 'than her food. Her shipping is at once the most 
important and most lucrative part of her wealth, and 
Athens is the only European capital that can be reached 
by gunfire from the sea. There is not evidence enough 
yet to- say whether the recent skirmish off the Swedish 
coast — when a few Russian destroyers sank and drove 
ashore some German transports and scattered their armed 
escorts — is another by-product. Nothing is more pro- 
bable than that the Germans have been compelled to 
call in their light craft from the Baltic, for the excellent 
reason that they are no longer able to support them. 
There is indirect evidence that this must be so, for the 
])ress of Berlin has been clamourous as to similar measures 
liaving been taken, by the British Admiralty. How 
driven these gentry are for proofs of their victory is 
evidenced by the reception they have given to one of 
the most interesting examples of public spirit that we 
have seen during this war. In the course of the last week 
three admirals. Sir George ligerton, Sir Frederick Ingle- 
field, and Sir Arthur Farquhar have retired to make room 
for the promotion of younger men to flag rank. Their 
example has been followed by no less than three captains, 
promoted to rear-admiral's rank in consequence' of 
vacancies so created. In addition, Rear-Adniirals 
Hood and Arbnthnot and Captain Sowerby have died 
th^ death of heroes — so that there have been many 
vacancies to fill. Several very distinguished officers 
thus reach the rear-admiral's list, the most conspicuous 
amongst them being Commodore William (ioodcnough. 
The German papers represent these retirements and 
promotions as proof of the drastic changes in the 
" higher command of the British Navy," that the 
Admiralty has recognised as necessary in consequence of 
the disasters that befell us on the 31st May. It is a 
statement on a par with the suggestion that the British 
Navy is capable of picking up a German torpedo, adapting 
it to a British torpedo tube, and of firing it — all in less 
than a week — -from some invisible craft at a stationary 
Dutch liner, so as to bring the Germans into trouble ! 
Statements as foolish as these are usually associated 
with nurseries and asylums. Artiuk Pollhn 
[Mr. Pollen's article in our last isst4e 'das submitted in 
the oidinarv course to the Press Bureau, but the Censor's 
corrections were only received just before we went to press. 
Consequently Afr. Pollen had no time to revise the article 
and there was an inevitable interruption in the argu- 
ment. It has happened to a less extent again this week.] 
Italian Artists and the War 
GERM.VNV is engaged in a war by land and sea, 
and the Allies are determined that it shall end, 
when it does end, in her defeat. Thereafter, we 
are told a new war of trade and commerce will 
begin, wherem Germany counts on success. We merely 
record this fact and express no opinion. But there is yet 
another war in progress; the full effect of which can only 
be guessed at, though Ciermany has already realized the 
danger. It is war by the cartoonists of whom Rae- 
maekers is the protagonist. Go this week to the Leicester 
(ialleries in Leicester Square and* see the pitiless satire 
in which Italian painters have depicted for all time the 
barbarities, falsehoods, heartless cruelty and carnage 
of (iermanv. How can Kultur withstand these attacks ? 
Will Gennans ever be able to hold up their heads again 
in the face of these pictures ? It seems impossible. 
In the far galler},' there are some wonderful paintings 
of warfare on the High Alps. For the first time many 
a Briton who gazes on these pictures will realise the 
titanic difficulties which the Italian army have had to 
overcome. Ludovico Pogliaghi, a well-known Italian 
painter, was the only artist permittted to visit the Army 
that is fighting among the Dolomites ; he has made good 
use of his opportunity. The effect is most impressive, 
and after looking on his work one comes away with a 
new sense of the stupendous efforts which our brave 
Italian .Ally is making in the common cause. On page 
i() of this issue we reproduce two photographs of these 
glorious paintings, which are executed entirely in grey 
tones : this tends to augment the grandeur of the scenery 
and to emphasise the perils of the snowy mountains. 
In this issue Mr. Will Irwin, the distinguished American 
war correspondent, describes the .•\lpine fighting, and 
the.se pictures illustrate and elucidate his article. 
In reviewing this exhibition we refrain purposely from 
dealing with it merely from the point of art. Splendid 
though the art is, it takes a secondary position to the 
jjolitical influence which these pictures must exert for all 
time. Horrible are'many of them, with a hauntingV.iorror, as 
for instance the Lusitania. The ship sinks on the horizon ; 
the Kaiser wades to land pursued by a shoal of jelly-fish, 
the body of each fish, a skull, and the soft tentacles cling 
round liis ankles. Here one recognises a vital present- 
ment of the Lusitania crime ; never until the S2a gives 
up its dead will the Kaiser be able to free his name 
from that despicable murder. There is grim humour in 
(iolia's caricature of King Constantine, who holding his 
Queen in his arms cries piteously to the Entente Powers' 
" You have taken Salonika, you have taken my country, 
O. why don't you take my wife too ? " Golia, all of 
whose cartoons are striking, is the editor of the satirical 
journal, // Numcro. published in Turin ; before war was 
declared he was threatened personally by the German 
Colony for his daring work. An even more famous 
journalist and cartoonist is Galantara, who attacked 
the Middle Europe Powers so scathingly in the Roman 
journal L'Asino, that he was prosecuted by the German 
and Austrian Embassies. The prosecution, needless to 
say, fell to the ground when war opened. The cartoon 
which led to this diplomatic attempt to suppress the 
powerful art of Galantara is exhibited here — No. 124.— 
The Two Butchers. It is not a pretty picture ; it expresses 
an awful truth in terrible fashion. 
This extraordinary power of expression is a distinctive 
attribute of these Italian cartoonists. No matter whether 
their work is pathetic or humorous, pitiful or brutal, it 
clutches the mind with a new force ; the deed it represents 
is visualised henceforth in the form of the ' painting. 
They enter into the soul of things, and for this reason 
their work is endurable. Is it pure chance that no great 
cartoonist has arisen to defend German methods of 
warfare, but that all have concurred in denouncing them 
to the full strength of their powers ? May we not rather 
see in this the truth that art is on the side of ri.t^hteous- 
ness, and that we may ever rely on its support in those 
things which make for the right advance of civilisation 
and the true progress of mankind. It is impossible to 
believe that thelKaiser would ever have dared to advocate 
" f rightfulness," had he the least idea that the abomina- 
tion he let loose would haunt the picture galleries of 
Europe for all time. This is to be his punishment on 
earth, a hell of his own making. 
