September 6, 1917 
LAND & WATER 
LAND & WATER 
OLD SERJEANTS' INN, LONDON, W.C 
Telephone HOLBORN 2828. 
THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1917 
CONTENTS 
PAGE 
Stars and Stripes. By Louis Raemackcrs i 
On the Italian PVont. (Photographs) ~ 
Get Rid of Distrust ! (Leader) 3 
Italy's Great Record. By Lewis R. Freeman 4 
The Western l-Yont and Riga. By Edmund Dane 7 
Leon Daudet : A Prophet in Fra«cc. By J. Coudurier 
de Chassaigne <) 
A Journal from a Legation. By Hugh Gibson 11 
The •• Nine Million " Eficctives. By Hilaire BcUoc 13 
Pa)grcssi\e Whist. By Alec W'augh 15 
Mr. Galsworthy Gives them Gyp. By J. C. Squire lO 
A Vision of England. (Illustrated). By Charles Marriott ig 
Domestic Economy 22 
Kit and Equipment 25 
GET RID OF DISTRUST 
THE Trades Union Congress, which is sitting this 
week at Blackpool, has an interest quite apart from 
its resolutions on international affairs or the views 
it has expressed on the Stockholm Conference. The 
C(nmtry sees more and more dearly how the future of the Em- 
pire will be based upon the prosperity of industry. The 
Sunday Times, which is wisely giving considerable prominence 
to the relationship between employers and employed, con- 
tained this week an article from the pen of Mr. Dudley 
Docker, C.B., the chaij'man of one of the largest business 
concerns in the Midlands, and a big employer of labour, who 
summed up the jwsition in these words : 
The proRress of the Kmpirc lie."; in industry, which is in the 
hands of employers and employed. We must get on with 
oiir commerce or make way /or others. We do not intpn<I 
to sink into a second-class community, and mu.st prepare our 
own future. The first essential is to get rid of suspicion and 
distrust. Let there be light ! 
The address delivered to the Trades Union Congress on 
Monday by its retiring President, Mr. John Hill, of the 
Boilermakers' Union, breathed in almost every passage this 
suspicion and distrust." He would not have the labouring 
man put faith in anyone except himself, he showed distrust of 
Government, of Parliament, of Capital, of PZmployers, and even 
of Labour itse]f when it accepts public office. Regarding the 
future, Mr. Hill spoke as follows : 
The best scheme of reconstruction will be one of our own 
devising: a strong and intelJigent trade unionism linked with 
our political arm—the Labour Party. If we can inspire the 
men and women in the workshops and in the constituencies 
tf> support those ideals we can say to the officious lawyers ami 
huckstering bureaucrats, ' Keep thine own ship, friend ; we 
do not want thee here." 
So far as can be gathered from the abbreviated reports of 
this address, the speaker advocated a policy of splendid 
isolation ; tlic working-classes of this country were to stand 
alone, their only alliance being the working-classes in 
other lands. Wc need not pause to-day to discuss the 
practicability of such a policy ; Mr. Hill realises it can only 
be possible if democracy wins a complete victory in the war. 
When the victory is gained, which will not be yet, it will be time 
enough to consider seriously the question of iatemationalism ; 
meantime, our thoughts can be more profitably occupied in 
working out the best means of knitting together the nation 
more closely, and by translating into civil life that splendid 
spirit of comradeship and esprit dc corps which makes our 
civilian armies invincible on the battlefield. 
It is well first of all to fry and visualise for what the average 
working man is risking his life in this war. For freedom and 
humanity certainly, but how are these abstract qualities 
resolved into the concrete and expressed in his own life? If 
he comes from a bi^' city, at the worst humanity is repre- 
sented by a dnglc rccm in a scjualid tenement house for 
himself, his wife and his children, and freedom by the right 
to get drunk evciy Saturday night, provided he carries his 
liquor quietly. At the best, he may rent a house or a part of 
a house ; there may be enough money coming in, provided there 
arc not too many children, for an occasional cinema or cheap 
excursion, beyond the necessities of decent living ; his 
cliildrcn will be educated until tliey arc fourteen, when cir- 
cumstances' will more or less compel them to begin waf;e 
earning, and in the evening of his days there is the {tension. 
Outside his work, it is not a full life ; it never can be for the 
great masses of any countrj' ; tJierefore it becomes a most 
urgent duty to see that in the work itself, ample opirortunity 
is provided for development of personality and expression of 
self , which after all constitute the true joy of human existence, 
no matter to what state of life a man belongs. 
The housing question is one on which Mr. Dudley Docket 
lays special stress. " A slight acquaintance with the housing 
conditions prevailing in most parts of the country," he 
- writes, " must inevitably lead any impartial person to the 
conclusion that the working classes are justified in their 
demands for better accommodation for their wi\es and 
families, and a larger share in the comforts of life. Good 
houses are not luxuries, but necessities." It is a pity this 
truism was not realised fifty years and more ago. It seemed 
as if during the nineteenth century wc had lost the art of 
house-building, of home-making. Even where money was 
no object, comfort and convenience were neglected. We know 
the horrors of the slums, but the sleeping-quarters, outside the 
guest roorns, in many of the most palatial Victorian residences 
of this city were only one or two degrees better. All classes 
arc paying heavily for this neglect of their fathers, but there 
is a new spirit abroad to-day, witness Mr. Charles Marriott's 
" A Vision of England," in this issue. The working- classes 
may be the first to benefit in that it is easier and cheaixs" to 
destroy hovels and build up homes than to sweep Grosvenor 
Square out of existence and impart to its monotonous resi- 
dences a separate and comfortable individuality. 
The present development of allotment gardens will make an 
enormous dififerencc to city. life in the future, taking as it 
were the people back to the country. But besides the better- 
ment of homes, there must be a new and plcasanter atmos- 
phere in factoiy and mill. " The question of wages and 
output go hand in hand, and are interdependent. There 
is no magic line fixing the amount of money to be paid to a 
workman. A man is entitled to all he can earn. Some 
manufagturers lose sight of the fact that the material point 
is the Cost of the article produced and not the amount paid 
to the man." Here Mr. Docker reveals the worst sore in the 
many maladies of labour. If ambition be a virtue, then it 
certainly is when the ambition is to make the home happy 
and to give the children better chances than the parent.? 
had, and this restriction of output strikes at the very root 
of this noble incentive, which is perhaps one of the most 
common stimulants in Anglo-Saxon blood. No nation has 
fought more steadily and consistently through the Centuries 
for the good of the children. This question is now becoming 
•an Imperial one. Writes Mr. Docker: 
This restriction of output has been almost peculiar to Great 
Britain, and is the greatest danger to be faced by tlic Empire 
in attempting to regain commercial supremacy after the war. 
If this war is to be paid for and the nation saved from an 
incubus of debt there must be greater production, and the 
short-sighted trader must learn that increased trade means 
higher wages. 
Hand in hand, with restriction of output goes restriction of 
currency. Any attempt on the part of cosmopolitan finance 
to return to pre-war standards of value would be bitterly 
opposed by employers and employed alike. It would impart 
new life and vigour to that distrust of Capital which, as 
we see now, is the evil thing tkat has to be destroyed if the 
future of industry is to be prosperity. The best promise 
for success lies in the fact that a new alliance is gradually 
growing into' being between master and man, fostered 
by leading men on both sides, who realise that community 
of effort is as necessary for success in peace as it is for victory 
. in war. Every individual who helps to strengthen this 
indiistrial alliance and to create a better understanding 
deserves well of his country. It is a campaign'in which all may 
take part without regard to political view« or social status. 
