May 1 6, 191 8 
Land & Water 
LAND & WATER 
5 CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C.2 
Telephone : HOLBORN z8z8. 
THURSDAY, MAY 16, 19 18. 
Contents 
PAGE 
I 
2 
Bottling the Pirate. (Cartoon.) By Raemaekers 
German Rule in East Africa. (Illustrated.) 
The Outlook 3 
French and German Theories of War. By H. Belloc 4 
Ostend. By Arthur Pollen ' " 8 
James J. F. Archibald. By French Strother 10 
The Suez Canal (A sketch.) By Miller Dunning 12 
Leadership. By L. P. Jacks 13 
Their First "Crash." (Illustrated.) By Herman Whitaker 15 
In an Ambulance. By Francis Brett Young » 16 
The Royal Academy. By J. C. Squire 19 
Building in Paint. By Charles Marriott 20 
Gardens frorn the Waste. By J. Gorman 22 
Household Notes 24 
Notes on Kit ', xi 
The Outlook 
THERE is little military' news this week of direct 
interest. The only two movements of any size 
have been purely local, confined to the scope of 
two divisions in the one case and a single division 
in the other. The first was an attempt of the 
enemy to attack a,t the junction of the French and English 
lines near La Clytte in Flanders. This was made a week 
yesterday, after an interval of nine days, during which 
nothing had been done upon this front since the heavy defeat 
suffered by the Germans on Monday, April 29th. It is 
possible that as many as parts of six divisions were mustered 
before the concentration of it was attempted for this attack 
upon La Clytte. A much larger concentration was observed 
than was warranted by the blow actually delivered. Only 
two divisions appeared in the shock itself, however, and 
these were completely repelled. 
iThe second action, which to6# place upon Saturday last, 
was on the other extreme of the line, where the French 
stand in front of Amiens. Here the park of the ch4teau of 
Grisvesnes village (which stands upon a spur dominating 
two ravines upon either side, and therefore forming a sort 
of bastion to the .\vre Ridge, which the French hold) had 
been in German hands for some time. As it would make a 
very convenient point for further progress in case the ex- 
pected general German offensive should include this sector, 
the French retook it on Saturday with very little loss, 
and now hold it. Continued concentration is noted 
upon the whole front between the Somme and Arras. 
* * * 
Further details of the peace concluded between Rumania 
and the Central Empires give clear indication of the policy 
whicli the enemy intends to pursue — for the moment, at 
least— in the territories which he has overrun in the East 
of Europe. It is a federal policy tending to build up a great 
Central European State, with dependent States around it 
and attached to it, after the fashion described in a series of 
articles in Land Sc Water some months ago, and further, 
alluded to in a special article in this issue. The present 
Holu-nzollern dynasty is kept upon the throne of Rumania 
— for the moment, at least — contrary to the expectation of 
those who, naturally enough, believed that Prussia would 
try to install there the other branch of the family which was 
claimant to the throne, which had always been Gemianophil, 
and formed a centre for the intrigues in favour of Gennany 
during the earlier part of this war. The enemy prefers to 
leave as much as possible of the Rumanian autonomy for his 
own purposes. He has, however, lessened the popular voice 
in thi- constitution, claimed very heavy economic terms to 
supplirnent his present needs, and annexed the oil-fields. 
The cliief cession in territory is, of course, to Bulgaria ; and 
in view of this cession (involving the complete command of 
the rit^ht bank of the Lower Danube as far as the sea), it is 
clear that the Central Powers envisage a permanent alliance 
with Bulgaria which they have so greatly strengthened, or, 
r;!th<r. a permanent dependence of Bulgaria upon them- 
selves. Indeed, this State is the necessary high road to their 
economic exploitation of the Turkish Empire and the East. 
* ♦ ♦ 
The debate in the House of Commons on the letter of 
Major-General Sir Frederick Maurice would have been more 
convincing had it only been possible for him to have put 
forward his point of view. It is contrary to one's sense of 
justice and fair play to condemn a man imheard. That 
General Maurice is honest and sincere everv one who is ac- 
quainted with him knows perfectly well. He wrote in 
defence of his brother officers ; and the idea that he had lent 
himself to a political intrigue is inconceivable bj' those 
who know him. This argument is absolutely dishonest ; 
it was only put forward as an afterthought, and it is em- 
ployed entirely for partisan purposes, without a thought 
whether or not it does gross discredit to a gallant soldier. 
Discipline is undoubtedly essential, not only in the army, 
but in civil life ; but discipline when it has to be based on 
injustice and dishonesty of word is a mere travesty. One 
good thing has arisen out of this incident — it has shown 
that there is a great depth of public sympathy with the 
man who stakes his career fearlessly to do that which he 
conceives to be his duty. Courage is not confined to the 
battlefields. Englishmen respect it wherever it is shown. 
» ♦ » - 
The bottling-up of Ostend is a magnificent sequel to the 
Zeebriigge dash. No one believed it possible for the German 
naval forces in the Belgian ports to be surprised a second 
time. But once again the Royal Navy has achieved the 
impossible, and the Vindictive, having borne the brunt of 
the fighting at Zeebrugge, has now found a splendid resting- 
place in the fairway of Ostend. Her name, so curiously 
linked in its meaning with revenge, is henceforth as imperish- 
able as the Revenge. Admiral Sir Roger Keyes and the 
gallant seamen under his command have won the unstinted 
thanks of the Empire. Let it not be overlooked that these 
plans for bottling up the Belgian ports were submitted to 
Admiral Jellicoe while at the Admiralty and approved by 
him. His knowledge of them and his confidence in their 
success may in part have accounted for the optimism with 
which he regarded the future of the submarine menace. 
♦ ♦ * 
The letter of welcome which the King has personally 
addressed to the soldiers of the United States passing through 
this country, and the review of American troops which His 
Majesty held opposite Buckingham Palace on Saturday, 
symbolise in fitting manner the new union which has been 
called into being between tliis kingdo.m and the repubhc of 
the West. The issue of "the great battle for human free- 
dom " is certain. Defeat is unthinkable ; it would mean the 
destniction of freedom. Victory, complete military victory, 
is the single aim of all the .\llies, and not one is working 
harder or with more resolute purpose to hasten this victory 
than the United States. We have now learnt that America 
has already landed an army of half a million men in France, 
and though there may be delays in regard to delivery of 
munitions, everything humanly possible is being done to 
overcome them. The review last Saturday may be called 
the final act of reconciliation between the two nations ; 
henceforth it is publicly and formally recognised that the 
work of the two in the cause of human peace, progress, and 
freedom must be identical through all future time. 
» # * 
Is the Luxury Tax to be regarded as a revenue or an 
ethical measure ? In other words, are we for the sake of 
our country to indulge in or to refrain from luxuries ? A 
man cannot serve God and mammon, not even a Chancellor 
of the E.vchequer, and more than half the trouble over the 
liquor business in past times has arisen from the attempt 
simultaneously to promote temperance and to increase 
revenue. Another question that arises is w^hether the tax 
is to be paid more than once on the same article. Take 
jewellery, for instance, which will certainly be included 
among luxuries ? Many retail jewellers buy their stocks 
from manufacturers. Will the retailer pay this tax on 
purchasing from the manufacturer, and the customer pay 
the tax a second time on buying from the retailer ? That is 
to say, will the luxury tax on a £5 bracelet be 200 or 432 
pence .•' For, be it noted, tlie retailer will have to collect the 
original tax from the customer, who will then have to pay 
not only on the original price, but also on the tax which has 
been added to it. This is by way of illustrating the compli- 
cations that may ensue. An antique, to give another instance, 
may possibly change hands half a dozen^times in the course 
of a year ; in that case, it would in the end yield considerably 
over roo per cent, on its original price. In fact, this tax, 
which on the face of it appears simple, will in practice prove 
most difficult and complicated. 
