May 23, 1 9 I 8 
Land & Water 
LAND & WATER 
5 CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, W.C.2 
Telephone : HOLBORN 2828. 
THURSDAY, MAY 23, 1918. 
Contents 
PACK 
The Extended Alliance. (Cartoon.) By Raemaekers i 
German Rule in East Africa. (With photographs.) J 
The Outlook ,) 
The Offensive Reviewed. By H. Belloc "^ 4 
British-American Relations. By Arthur Fagi- 7 
Cruise of the Prince Eitel Friedrich. 
(With photographs) . By Frencli Strother lo 
The Turkish Conspiracy — II. By Henry Morgenthau 14 
Inside a Man's Head. By J. C. Squire . 16 
Future of the Farm Labourer. By Jason 17 
In Barracks. (Poem.) By Sherard Vines ' 18 
London. By Miller Dunning 20 
A Famous Portrait Painter. (Review.) 22 
Notes on Kit 25 
The Outlook 
LORD FRENCH lias not been long Viceroy of 
Ireland before giving evidence that he remains 
a man of action. The arrest of the Sinn Fein 
leaders is reassuring both for the act itself and 
for the manner of its execution. When . the 
details of the German plot are revealed it will be seen how 
near Ireland has come to a second rebellion. The clemency 
which was shown by the ^British Government after the Easter 
Rebellion of 1916 appears, on the face of it, to have been 
misplaced, seeing liow many of those who then received 
pardon are implicated in this second conspiracy. None the 
less, we believe this clemency to have been a wise act ; hence- 
forth, no scruples need be shown in dealing with those who, 
for whatever purpose, have conspired to enter into treason- 
able communication with the German enemy. We depre- 
cate hasty conclusions that all who have lately been associated 
with the Sinn Fein leaders are necessarily a party to treason. 
This is an occasion for calm judgment and slow speech, and 
it must be carefully borne in mind that the one object all 
wish to attain who have sincerely at heart Ireland's future is 
that some system of Government may be devised which will 
enable the vast majority of Irishmen, in whichever province 
they live and to whatever creed they belong, to work together 
loyally and in amity for the peace and prosperity of their 
oountry, and for the welfare and security of the British 
Empire. The prospect is dark at the moment, but we believe 
this latest step to be a decided advance in the right direction. 
* * « 
The long Interval which the enemy may be presumed to 
be using for purposes of reconstruction and of opening a third 
phase in his great offensive still continues at the moment 
these lines are written. It has endured without interruption 
(save by comparatively small local actions) since Monday, 
the 2gth of April, on which day the enemy suffered his heavy 
•defeat to the North of Mt. Kemmel. The number of divisions 
he has employed actively to date in this offensive — nearl}' 
all of them in the first six weeks, is now definitely ascertained 
to be the equivalent of 254, of which so many have been put 
in a second, a third, and even a fourth time, as to pwaint to 
an exceptionally rapid rate of usage. Evidence on his exact 
losses is still lacking, but sdmething in the neiglibourhood of 
the half million is not an excessive estimate. His delay will 
permit of a certain number of returns, and he has, both in 
fresh divisions, and in field depots, enough material left to 
make of the third phase, if he chooses, something like a repeti- 
tion of the first. On the other hand it must be remembered 
that he has not the same quality at his disposal. His first 
shock was delivered with specially trained divisions, each of 
which had been examined for the purpose. It is also doubtful 
whether lie can now count upon any element of surprise. 
* * * 
Meanwhile the future of aviation and the apparently 
continuously rising preponderance of the allies in this field 
is attracting universal attention. Subsidiary to the essential 
action of aircraft upon the front, the weather has permitted 
a long distance raid into Germany and the thorough bombing 
of Cologne. The raid upon London was almost simultaneous 
— for it takes more than twenty-four hours to prepare a 
thing of this sort. Nevertheless the two will certainly be 
treated bj- the enemy in his Press and communiques (and 
unfortunately, probably by too many people at home) as 
cause and effect. 
Of more significance to the war is the tale of aircraft 
work at the front. The most striking piece of statistics 
in connection with this is that given in connection with the 
number of bombs dropped behind the German and British 
lines respectively. For the months of March and April — 
and much the greater part of it since March 21st — the 
difference is no less than thirteen-fold. 60,079 bombs were 
dropped on or behind the German lines by the British, 
and only 4498 bv the Germans on or behind the British 
lines, it is far too early as yet to calculate upon any decisive 
result through the growing superiority of the Allies in the air. 
Though it already hampers enemy communications it is still 
very far from dislocating them, and as for what is called 
"blinding" the enemy by establishing such a superiority 
that he cannot observe usefully, no one can tell how far 
superiority must be carried before such a result can be achieved. 
At any rate, it is not yet in sight. But if the rate of increase 
can be maintained — and the resources of the Allies should 
make that possible — it will, with American recruitment, be 
the new element in our favour as the year proceeds. 
* * ♦ 
Raids by night on London were resumed this week. A 
year has not elapsed since the first attack in formation by 
Gothas ; it occurred on Wednesday morning, June 13th 
last ; it was followed on Saturday morning, July 7th, by 
another attack ; others were frustrated, and afterwards the 
enemy preferred the inferior visibility of moonlight for his 
raids. Had the German General Staff a year ago been able 
to foresee that within ten months Cologne would be in the 
reach of British airmen at noonday, it is doubtful whether 
London would have been attacked. As it is, the German 
air offensive on cities outside the war zone shows no advance 
during this period ; the British air offensive is proving more 
and more effective. Germany threw down the challenge ; we 
accepted it. The end is not yet. 
* * * 
"A peace offensive is a proposition made by one party 
who does not desire peace himself, but who does desire to 
divide his enemies by making proposals of peace." This 
definition, put forward by Mr. Balfour in the House of 
Commons last week, deserves the widest publicity, for of 
"peace offensives" we are bound to hear much in the coming 
months. ThiS' definition has received the approval of that 
.other master of clean-cut phrases. President Wilson, who, 
speaking at New York on Saturday, said : "We are not to 
be diverted from the grim purpose of winning the war by any 
insincere approaches upon the subject of peace." Insin- 
cerity has been Germany's trump card in all diplomatic 
relations in the past ; she has won so many tricks with it 
that she will not forgo it readily ; .but while it is easy to 
deceive at any game when a man \is treated as an honest 
man, it becomes very difficult, once he is a declared swindler. 
The failure of each new peace offensive makes the next one 
more difficult. But Germany will persevere. 
* « * 
A reference was made in these notes a few weeks ago to 
the inequity of the stipends in the Church of England. It 
was stated that the scandal had not been dealt with. 
This was true in itself, but the report of the fourth Committee 
of Inquiry into the Administrative Reform of the Church, 
just issued, shows that it has not been overlooked. The 
reforms proposed by this committee are most far-reaching 
and sensible. It is proposed to abolish the gross scandal of 
the "parson's freehold" and the lesser one of pew-rents. 
There is to be a Patronage Board in every diocese, on which 
the laity are to be largely represented. The clergy are to 
be assured a living wage, and the bishops are no longer to 
dwell in castles or palaces. ' Parochial Church Councils are 
to be instituted. Let these reforms be brought into effect, 
and the Church of England will gain new life as a modern 
institution. How can this be done within a reasonable 
time ? There is one omission which a substantial and 
growing minority of Churchmen will deplore: — that the 
recommendations do not include disestablishment. But dis- 
establishment can well stand over for the moment if only 
these reforms are not delayed. In another generation at 
latest it will be everywhere recognised that a Church cannot 
thrive and be vigorous which is under State control and 
at the mercy of political parties. The separation must 
come about, but it will be all the easier if the Church has 
been efficiently reorganised on modern lines. 
