LAND fe? WATER 
October 3, 191 8 
LAND&WATER 
5 Chancery Lane^ London^ W.C.2. Ttl. HMorHiSiS 
THURSDAY, OCTOBER 3, 191 8 
Contents 
The People's Friend (Cartoon) . . 
CuRRE^NT Events . . 
Cpening of tHE Main Offensive 
The Unbeaten Sibm.'\eine 
The Gallipoli Campaign 
The Two Lobes . . 
The After Gun . . 
Bulgaria's Evil Genius . . 
Forty-Seven-Porty, or Fight ! 
Mr. W. H. Davies 
The Theatre 
The Reader's Diary 
Who is Paying for the War ?. . 
Household Notes. . 
Notes on Kit 
Raemackers 
page 
I 
Hilaire Belloc 
Arthur Pollen 
Henry Morgenthau 
Maurice Maeterlinck 
William Hunt 
Cecil Chesterton 
J. C. Squire 
W. J. Turner 
Peter Bell 
Hartley Withers 
2 
3 
7 
9 
II 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
18 
20 
22 
24 
Bulgaria's Surrender 
A WEEK ago — before the Bulgarians had made 
their move — we wrote of Bulgaria words which 
we may be pardoned for cjuoting. They ran : 
-The enemy are mostly Bulgars ; corre- 
spondents report them to be a very dispirited 
lot ; this squares with recent accounts of domestic events in 
. Bulgaria, wliere the population (divided at the very outset) 
.is, said to be thoroughly sick both of the war and of " King 
. !fox." Bulgaria, we may add, is the one member of the 
hostile alliance which is really fighting for (comparatively) 
, so little, that an accommodation with her is conceivable. 
With neither Turkey nor Austria could we' make peace, save 
■ on terms which would mean the end of the Turkish and 
Austrian Empires as we have known them. 
These words had scarcely appeared in print when it was 
announced that representatives of the Bulgarian Govern- 
ment had gone to Salonika to propose* an armistice to the 
Allied Command. The next news was that Mr.- Balfour and 
Mr. Bonar Law had gone off to consult with Mr. George. 
The next was an inspired commvmication making it clear 
that we could treat with the Bulgarians only if they retired 
within their own territory, laid down their arms, and allowed 
Allied troops to march where they liked across Bulgaria. 
And the next was a report from Renter, on Monday, that 
Bulgaria had surrendered unconditionally. The Allied offen- 
sive had borne full fruit. The Bulgarian forces had been 
cut in two ; the Bulgarian soil had been invaded ; and the 
poUticians of Bulgaria had realised the inevitable. As we 
observed, there was nothing surprising about this. The 
Prussian Government is fighting to preserve the Hohen- 
zollcrns and Junkerism ; Austria is fighting to preserve the 
Austrian system, and to avoid the detachment from the 
Empire 'of the Trentino, of Transylvania, of Galicia, of 
Bohemia, and of Jugo-Slavia. Turkey also'has been fighting 
to keep her, "subject nationalities": Arab, Armenian, and 
Palesrinian. But King Ferdinand and his gambUng clique 
of ministers came into the war — much against the desire of 
the common people — to extend their frontiers in Macedonia 
and on the /Egean littoral. The Allies have no designs 
against Bulgaria ; they do not wish to liberate? an acre of 
her soil ; she can come out bn easy terms ; she has nothing 
to lose if justice is done. She has therefore come out, and 
her oiily regret will be that she ever came in. 
The Results 
The results of Bulgaria's cessation of hostilities are impos- 
sible to estimate : it will-certainly shorten the war. Turkey 
will be cut clean off from her Central European taskmasters 
and helpers. She has derived her main supplies of money and 
munitions from them ; stiffening for her troops and stiffening 
for her politicians. She is now isolated ; Bagdad and Meso- 
potamia have gone ; and there is nothing before her but a 
gradual process of compression. The Ottoman Empire, 
unlike Bulgaria, cannot come out of this war intact ; but 
the sooner it makes peace the better for it ; and it is incon- 
ceivable that it will be able long to hold out. Whether it 
does or not, the siege of Central Europe is now greatly inten- 
sified. We are face to face with a crumbling and desperate 
Austria and a Germany which, though still immensely strong, 
clearly realises the inevitability of defeat. With things in 
this position the quite obvious deduction, even had nothing 
already happened to make that deduction unavoidable, 
must be that the Central Empires will work for all they are 
worth to escape more lightly than they ought to do. Austria 
is already baiting the peace hook as temptingly as she can ; 
and we regret' to notice that our British gudgeons are showing 
an inclination to swallow the bait. But now, in the moment 
of victory, when final success is not only possible, but certain, 
it is more than ever important that we should remember 
what we arc fighting about. It is no good to compromise 
with Austria merely in order to detach Austria any more 
than it would be to compromise with Germany in order to 
detach Germany. The two things that led to this War were 
the existence of the military autocracies and the existence of 
Empires based on oppressed populations ; unless we destroy 
both these causes of strife we shall have jnore strife, as surely 
as day follows night. Bulgaria has surrendered uncondi- 
tionally ; Austria-Hungary, too, must surrender unpon- 
ditionally. We must be in a position to do with her what 
they think just ; if we do less than that we may have scored 
an apparent and transient win, but we shall not have 
made that settlement in Europe which alone can justify us 
to our dead and to posterit}'. 
The Election 
Since we last wrote about the prospects of a General 
Election a slight change has come over the spirit of the 
scene. Lord Rosebery (supposed) and Mr. Long — the 
latter a Minister — have publicly proclaimed their unwilUng- 
ness to contemplate an electoral struggle which might split 
the country, and in so doing they have expressed the opinion 
of every moderate and patriotic man — Unionist, Liberal, or 
Socialist^in the country. We invite our readers to go 
where they ,will and ask whom they will ; we affirm that 
none of them will find one man out of ten, wliatever his 
politics, who wants a General Election this autumn. That 
Mr. George has some inkling of this may be deduced from 
paragraphs in papers friendly to him to the effect that he 
has never made up his mind on the subject, and that he is 
still balanced between the large body of opinion which does 
not want an election and the (as we think supposititious) 
large body of opinion which wants one. An election on 
party truce lines is now inconceivable ; and in any case 
would not secure that regeneration of Parliament which the 
advocates of an election profess to want. An election on 
any other lines means (i) the definition, or invention, of a 
line of demarcation betvveen parties which must ine\'itably 
tend to intensify differences of opinion about our War Aims, 
and (2) the introduction of politics into the Army in the 
field. The former would be disastrous,, and the latter is, to 
say the least, undesirable. People talk about the necessity 
of letting the soldiers express their views ; but we wonder 
what they would say to a poll of the Army on the question of 
whether or not we should have an election ? We fear that 
the great Allied successes in the field may encourage Mr. 
George to snap an election, a " Win-the-Almost-Won-\^'ar 
Election." But we sincerely hope that he will think twice 
and more than twice before imperilling national unity and, 
incidentally, stoking the fires of discontent which have been 
glowing so menacingly during the past few months. 
