eg 4 ge Oe 
olanted in a reserve plantation. (See 5S; D, 224, 309, 389), 
Plants vary from seed 
but they will e11 be valuable for preserves end sauce, also as en ornamental shrub, 
ne-year scedling plants of the Hansen Bushcherry of the fifteenth generation, two 
Sor Sin OG, 
FIVE HARDY HURSERY UNDERSTOCKS FOR FRUITS 
Three dwarfing stocks are offered; for apples, for plums anc for apricots. Also 
me standard stock for select chokecherries., 
Dwirf stocks for fruit trees are desirable in many cases; they ceuse earlier 
bearing due to*the checking of the downward flow of elaborated sap. Also larger size. 
In europe they are usec extensively; in our eastern states they are increasing in 
importarce, Sometimes several varieties ere grown as onetree, In the prairie West 
fruit trees cf lower growth are desirable because of greater resistance to surfece 
windsweep, end for greater convenience in spraying, picking, and pruning, 
1. HANSEN HARBIN: A Hardy Semi-Dwarf Stock for Apples 
In all commercial apple growing sections of the United States, it has becone 
d« sirable to obtain dwarf or semi-dwarf so that trees will come into benring exarlier, 
and be a smaller size for greater ccnvenience in spraying. The experimental work 
of Hatton in England is of great importance in mild climates but does not help the 
Prairie N rthwest where all these selected stocks are not sufficiently hardy. The 
principle, however, still remains. The problem of root-killing is highly important 
because the winter-killing of tender stocks leaves the orchard trees without roots, 
‘he trouble with the mixed seed of commercial varieties of apples is the great varia- 
ility, Vegetative propagation is difficult in the western prairie climate. One 
solution of this problem may be the Manchurian crab, (Pyrus baccata var., lMandshurica, 
‘axim), gathered by the writer in the mountain region, about 50 miles cast of Harbin, 
fanchuria, in 1924, (See S, D. Bulletin 339). 
The words Manchurian crab should not be used without the qualifying (Harbin, 
1, Ef Hensen, 1924 importation). A good brief name would be Harbin as it would al.o 
-ndicate the source and origin. A 50° below ,ero region, The mature trees are abcut 
.2 feet high, ebout 12 fect across, and of bushy habit, heavy annual bearers, 
The advantages are as follows: 
1. In the larger crabs the fruit is too valuable for market tc be used for 
procuction of seedling stocks, Seedlings of mixed Siberian crab and 
hybrids are all hardy, but variable. The fruit is marketable and hence 
is less likely to.be saved for seed, 
2, Kixed seed of standard northern apples, are highly variable in winter- 
hardiness and more or less subject to root-killing, 
3, In this Harbin lot the fruit is 3/8 to 1/2 inch across, about 1,650 
fruits to a pound. The seedlings are good for budding and make strong 
trees in nursery; they are now in commerce, 
4; A point of great importance: The fruits are too small for cocling 
moth, hence none are wormy. The fruit runs about 10 percent clean seed. 
5. These Harbin (Hansen 1924) seedlings run very uniform in growth of tree 
and in character of fruit. For all practical pruposes they willbe as 
uniform as the Hatton selections made in England of Doucin and French 
Paradise stocks, which are propagated from trench-layers. 
6. The principle will be the same; the cownward flow of elaborated sap 
is checked, this tends to turn wood buds into blossom buds, 
7. it is hoped that nurserymen will start orchards to grow their own seed- 
lings of this stock to prevent root-killing and tc cause earlier bearing. 
Price: Hansen Harbin crabseeclings, one-year old, $2.00 per 100, 
2. .A DWARF STOCK FOR THE MANCHU APRICOTS 
The Siberian apricot Prunus Siberica should be tested as a nursery understocx 
Sor the harcy Manchu apricot. In budcing in the nursery the union is apparently per-~ 
vect, It shovld cause earlier bearing as it is more cwarf in growth than the tall- 
growing Merchu apricots. In addition it has much crnamental value as the small trees 
are full of white to light pink blossoms in the early spring. 

The Siberian apricot was collected by Dr. N. E. Hansen in twe places in Northeast 
Asioa. The Shilka Siberian apricot is from Shilka East Siberia, an aren with a mini- 
mum low winter temperature of -67°9, The Mendo Siberian apricot is from Mendochin:, 
North Manchuria, in the great Khingan Mountains, arounc -50°F, 
The Siberian apricot, a distinctly different species from the Manchu apricots as 
@istributed from this station in 1937, is an interesting ornamental shrub or small 
tree, arounc ten feet high and ten feet across; leaves round, ovate, long pcinted; 
the abundant fruit is inedible, the flesh splitting into two leathery parts. Linnacus 
named it Prunus Siberica; later authors classify it as a subspecies of the common 
apricot, Prunus armeniaca, Linn, var, Sibirica, Koch, Prunus Sibirica seedlings 
Shilka enc Mendo, five for $1.00. 
