40 CUMBERLAND VALLEY NURSERIES, INC. 
CARE OF TREES AND PLANTS. 
Your Success with Nursery Stock Depends on 
Proper Planting and Care. 
Volumes have been written on the planting and 
care of orchards and the beautification of home 
grounds, and yet each planting becomes an indi- 
vidual problem. Regardless of how choice your 
selection may be in trees and plants, or how per- 
fect they may be when received by you, unless 
they are handled properly in planting and given 
the right kind of care, they will not give the re- 
sults that are desired. Therefore, we offer a few 
general suggestions on the care and cultivation of 
trees, which will help make a success of the plant- 
ing of stock which we supply. 
Care of Stock: The bundles should be opened 
immediately upon arrival, the roots of plants 
dipped in water, and heeled in the ground, if holes 
are not already to set where wanted. Dig a trench 
deep enough and wide enough to take the root- 
system and then cover the roots, firming the soil 
so as to contact each root. If some of the trunk 
(or branches, in case of shrubs) is covered with 
soil, the protéction is double. A little water ap- 
plied to dry soil is helpful. Trees heeled in may 
be kept several weeks in perfect condition. When 
ready to plant, take up only a few at a time, pud- 
dle the roots, and do not allow them to lie ex- 
posed to the sun or air. Be sure to remove label 
wire before tree begins to grow, or it will be fa- 
tally injured through strangulation. The ground 
should be carefully prepared by deep plowing and 
firming down with a disc and harrow before set- 
ting orchard material. 
Planting: The holes for planting must be large 
enough to receive the roots freely, without cramp- 
ing or bending them from their natural position. 
All broken or mutilated portions of the roots must 
be cut off so as to leave the ends smooth and 
sound. All trees should be planted two or three 
inches deeper than they stood in the nursery row; 
pack the soil very firmly about the roots by tramp- 
ing with the feet or post tamper, being careful 
not to bark or break the roots. Leave three inches 
of the surface soil loose to serve as a mulch. If 
the ground is very dry, apply one or two pails of 
water before this soil mulch is in place, and after 
the water has soaked away it can then be placed 
over the moist soil. Never put manure so as to 
come in contact with the roots of any plant or 
tree. 
Fall Planting: Practically all items of nursery 
stock may be successfully planted in the fall and 
results obtained are generally highly satisfactory, 
usually much better than if planting is delayed too 
late in the spring. It is recommended that plant- 
ing be done as soon as possible after the first kill- 
ing frost, but hardy stock can be transplanted 
safely at any time during the winter when the 
ground is not frozen or too wet. Some precau- 
tions are necessary, however, with a few kinds of 
plants and trees which are somewhat more tender 
to cold. Special bulletin giving detailed instruc- 
