McMINNVILLE, TENNESSEE 43 
planted. Trees or plants on deep rich soil require 
more distance than on light poor soil. The fol- 
lowing distances are usually recommended for av- 
erage soils: 
Apple35x35 feet—35 trees per acre. 
Pear-Peach—20x20 feet—108 trees per acre. 
Plum-Cherry and Apricot—18x18 feet—134 
trees per acre. 
Figs—15x15 feet—193 trees per acre. 
Pecan—40x40 feet—27 trees per acre. 
Grape—8x10 feet—545 vines per acre. 
Blackberry and Dewberry—3x8 feet—1,815 
vines per acre. 
To ascertain number of plants required per acre, 
divide the number of square feet in an acre 
(43,560) by the number of square feet to be given 
each plant. For instance, apple 35x35 feet requires 
1225 square feet per tree or 35 trees per acre. 
CONTROL OF INSECTS AND DISEASE. 
With the passing of each year, the necessity for 
spraying for insects and diseases which do dam- 
age to trees and plants becomes apparent, and 
while it is not always possible for the home owner 
to identify certain insects and diseases, there are 
many which are very common and which are 
easily controlled. Where identification is not pos- 
sible, samples may be sent to your state entomol- 
ogist, where dependable advice will be gladly 
given. As suggested above, many of the common 
insects and diseases may be easily controlled by 
the home planter if he will take the trouble to 
equip himself with simple spray pumps and com- 
mon insecticides for spraying, and with a few sim- 
ple tools with which to do proper pruning. This 
material can usually be purchased from your local 
dealers or merchants, or can be ordered from va- 
rious dependable sources. 
Insects are usually divided into two classes, the 
“biting and chewing” and “sucking” insects. The 
first may be controlled with poison when it is pos- 
sible to so spray that the poison will be eaten, 
while the other can be controlled by what is termed 
contact sprays. 
Diseases are usually caused by a fungus growth 
and are controlled by sprays known as fungicides. 
A few of the diseases, such as blight in pear, etc., 
are caused by bacteria, and where such diseases 
occur, one of the best remedies is to cut away the 
infected parts, destroying the prunings by burning. 
Therefore, there are two general classes of 
sprays, insecticides and fungicides, and the insecti- 
cides being divided into two classes known as 
poison and contact insecticides. Arsenate of Lead 
is a good example of the poison insecticide, while 
Lime Sulphur Solution is a good example of the 
contact insecticide, with Bordeaux mixture being 
the old stand-by as a fungicide. 
SPRAY FORMULAS. 
Arsenate of Lead—One of the most common and 
most valuable poison sprays; may be prepared at 
home, using either powder or paste, it being easily 
procured in either form. Use at the rate of 2% 
