32 
the Toi (Barbarea Australis), and of the Poroporo, or Raupeti (Sola- 
num nigrum); and the baked inner stems and sago-like pith of the 
large black fern tree, Korau, or Mamaku, (Cyathea medullaris). The 
young succulent unexpanded shoots of several ferns, such as those of 
Pteris esculenta, Asplenium lucidum, and A, bulbiferum, and Botry- 
chium Virginicum ; several Fungi, chief among which were the four 
following, which grow on trees,—the Harori (Agaricus adiposus), the 
Hakeke, and the Popoiahakeke (Polyporus species), and the Peke- 
pekekiore (Hydnum clathroides); also, three terrestrial ones,-—the 
Paruwhatitiri (Jleodictyon cibariwm), the Pukurau (Lycoperdon Fon- 
taimestt), and the curious species Aseroe rubra. The young inner 
. blanched leaves and heart of the Ti, or ‘‘ Cabbage-tree” (Cordyline 
australis), and of the Nikau, or New Zealand Palm, (Areca sapida), 
were eaten both raw and cooked. A few also of the sea-weeds were 
eaten ; such as, the Karengo, (a tidal species of Laminaria found 
plentifully from the East Cape to Cape Turnagain), the Rehia, the 
Rimurapa (D)’ Urvillea utilis), and some others, including Porphyra 
vulgaris; some of which were also used exclusively to thicken the 
sweet juice of the Tupakihi, or Tutu, (Coriaria ruscifolia). While 
the small berries of the Makomako (Aristotelia racemosa), of the heath- 
like Totara (Leucopogon Fraseri), and of two species of Muhlenbechia, 
JM. adpressa, and M. complexa, of the Ngaio (Myoporum letwm), of 
two species of Pimelea, (P. prostrata, and P. arenaria), and the large 
plum-like fruit of the Taraire (Vesodaphne Taraire), fine-looking but 
not very gustable, were eagerly sought after in their season by chil- 
dren ; who also, with adults, thought highly of a sugary manna-like 
exudation (of doubtful vegetable origin) called Pia-Manuka, and found 
in the summer occasionally on the branches of the Leptospermum. sco- 
parvum. The aromatic root and stem of the Papaii (Aciphylla squar- 
rosa), and the insipid watery Koreirei, or roots of Typha angustifolia, 
were also eaten raw; while in times of great scarcity the roots of the 
Matuakumara (Geranium dissectum), and of the Ririwaka (Seirpus 
maritimus) were also eaten, 
(u.) The plants of utility and ornament were very numerous—from 
the giant pine to the tiny moss. These may be conveniently classed 
thus :—(1.) Clothing, or fibre-yielding plants ; (2.) Timber trees, and 
other plants, whence they obtained their canoes, war and husbandry 
implements, and vessels; and (3.) Plants and vegetable substances used 
as ornament. (1.) Of the clothing, or fibre-yielding plants, one only 
o 
