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FJOHNER 
ARMONICAS 
Bungalows, Campsand 
Mountain Houses 
by 
C. E. Schermerhorn and Others 
New Revised Edition 
Contains a large variety of de- 
signs by prominent architects, many 
of which are suitable for summer 
use and permanent residence. 
Camps, hunting lodges, and log 
cabins are also presented, suggest- 
ing designs for vacation dwellings 
in woods and mountains. 
Part I.—Bungalows. 
Part IJ.—Bungalows in Porto Rico. 
Part IJ].—Bungalow-Cottages. 
Part IV.—Camps, lodges, log cabins. 
Many ‘designs and II- 
Cloth, $2.50 postpaid. 
160 pages. 
lustrations. 
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221 West 57th Street 
New York City 

In writing to Advertisers mention Forest and Stream. It will identify you. 

Deformation of Shot 
Why the Outside Layer of Pellets Changes in Contour 
on Leaving the Tube 7 
BE im 
Ti prove- 
ments in 
the range and 
pattern of mod- 
ern shot guns 
have been at- 
tributed almost 
entirely to a 
form of con- 
striction at the 
muzzle known 
as choking and 
it is only within 
recent years 
that other parts 
of the tube have 
come in for 
proper atten- 
tion. 
The celebrat- 
ed London sur- 
geon, Dr. Chas. 
Heath, in his 
work on shot 
gun ballistics 
has gone to the 
breech of the 
weapon. His 
theory that the 
weakness of the 
pattern and 
penetration of 
the scatter gun 
is due largely to 
the deformation 
of the pellets 
and that this 
takes place to a 
much _ greater 
degree at the 
cone of the gun where the cartridge 
case joins the barrel proper, than it 
does at the muzzle, is unquestionably 
a sound piece of reasoning that is sup- 
ported by the measurements of these 
two positions in a gun barrel. The 
sharp cone at the forward end of the 
chamber of a gun presents a much 
greater obstruction than the slight con- 
striction at the muzzle which consti- 
tutes the choke. 
This theory of Dr. Heath’s is quite 
at variance with that of the well 
known American ballistician, Captain 
Askins. Captain Askins, a number of 
years ago, presented the ingenious 
theory in regard to the choke bore that 
the intense heat and friction that took 
place within a gun barrel welded the 
outer layer of shot into a wall or cover- 
ing that held the body of the charge 
together thereby increasing both the 
range and the pattern of the weapon. 
Row 5—l-oz. No 
Row 6—l-oz. No 
Row 7—1-o0z. No 
Row 8—l-oz. No 

Row 1—1\%-oz. No. 
Row 2—l¥%-oz. No. 6 soft shot in cylinder barrel. 
Row 3—lic¢-oz. No. 6 soft shot in choked barrel. 
Row 4—l7s-0z. No. 6 soft shot in cylinder barrel. 
6 soft shot in choked barrel. 
. 6 soft shot in choked barrel. 
. 6 soft shot incylinder barrel, 
. 6 chilled shot in choked barrel. 
. 6 chilled shot in cylinder barrel. 
Dr. Heath’s opinion in these matters is 
further supported by rather extensive 
experiments that were conducted by 
Mr. Housman at the testing grounds of 
Messrs. Kynoch a number of years ago. 
Mr. Housman made use of a large 
tank of water in which were sub- 
mersible trays for collecting the shots 
that were fired into it. In his report 
of these experiments he says, “A num- 
ber of charges were fired from a 
distance of 20 yds. in the water, the 
pellets being collected and examined. 
It was found that a very large propor- 
tion of the shot had been dented by the 
pressure of adjacent pellets as they 
were covered with facets, while those 
which had been in contact with the 
barrel were more nearly semi-spherical 
than spherical. This deformation was 
still present with chilled shot though 
less marked. Experiments show that 
the deformation is much more marked 
Page 424 
