156 FORES PaAIN'D STREAM. 
[JAN. 27, 1906. 


THE HUNTER ONE-TRIGGER 
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SMITH GUNS SHOOT WELL 

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HIGH-GRADE PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 
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THE SALMON FISHER. 
By Charles Hallock. Cloth, 126 pages. Price, $1. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO. 
Canoe Cruising and Camping. 
By Perry D. Frazer. 
$1.00. 
Illustrated. Cloth, 95 pages. Price 
This interesting little volume is a practical guide for the 
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Food; What to Wear; Firearms and Ammunition; Fish- 
ing Tackle; Camera; How to Cruise. 
FOREST AND STREAM PUBLISHING CO. 
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gun faultless—the, finer the gun the harder he 
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GERHARD MENNEN co., Newark, N.J. 





The Old Swamp. 
How MANY years it had been there no one 
knows. Perhaps it was only one of the minor de- 
pressions left in the surface of the earth after 
the passage of the great glacier that swept over 
the land that is now ours when the race was 
young. Then our ancestors dwelt in caverns— 
true troglodytes—and slew the reindeer and the 
hairy mammoth and the horse, and perhaps now 
and then had fierce conflicts with the huge cave 
bear, which they conquered by their courage and 
their numbers, rather than by the excellence of 
their rude stone weapons. 
Or it may have been once a broad valley, down 
which hurried a sparkling brooklet, which twisted 
and turned winding from one side to the other 
of the level meadow, here rippling in a yellow 
current over the, smooth pebbles on the bottom, 
there burrowing its way beneath overhanging 
grassy banks, where its soft murmur alone told 
of its presence; or again making some sudden 
crook and digging out for itself a deep, quiet 
pool, where the trout used to lie in summer, and 
in which the silent otter was always sure to find 
a meal. Then, perhaps, a little family of beavers 
passed that way, and seeing the brook and its 
possibilities determined that they would make it 
their home. So they began, by cutting down some 
of the trees that grew by the brookside, to build 
their dam. They brought mud and stones from 
the bottom of the stream and with their chisel- 
like teeth clipped off the willows and alders, and 
cut them into lengths, and their patient and un- 
remitting industry finished the dam by the end of 
summer. Now a good part of the meadow was 
a wide but shallow pond. Next the houses were 
built and the winter supply of food laid up, and, 
not long after this, the pond froze over. 
For years, perhaps for centuries, the colony at 
beavers remained here, always becoming more 
numerous. Sometimes. ‘they moved up or down 
the stream, and every few years they built new 
dams, and overflowed more of the low land. 
Those that they had first, deserted had long ago 
rotted and broken down, and the ground which 
had first been grassy meadow, and then the bot- 
tom of the pond, was now a wet marsh, in which 
erew young alders and willows and _ bilberries, 
soft maples, cypress and tamarack, and a hundred 
other moisture-loving trees, while the foot of the 
passing deer sank deep into the spongy sphagnum 
or crushed the showy yellow lady-slipper and the 
delicate pink arethusa. As the years went by the 
forest growth increased in size, while the smaller 
shrubs beneath formed a tangled mass, impene- 
trable save to the wild creatures which made 
their home among the luxuriant vegetation. 
However it was formed, such was the old 
swamp. 
Here during the summer, before the berries 
were ripe, the black bear dug roots, and tore up 
the rotten logs or turned over great stones, for 
the ants, worms and bugs on which he lives. The 
deer browsed on the water grasses and in winter 
nipped the tender shoots of the willows. The 
raccoon hunted frogs in the wet places, and at 
the approach of autumn grew fat on the thick- 
growing clusters of fox grapes, made sweet by 
the early frosts. All the other denizens of the 
forest found here a safe retreat, from which they 
made excursions out into the surrounding hills. 
So it was with the old swamp when our fath- 
ers first took possession of the soil. Game’was 
plenty then, and a man, when he needed meat, 
had to go but a short distance from his own door 
to kill a deer or a turkey. . But as time went by, 
fire and the ax cleared away the timber from the 
surrounding hills. The hunter gave place to the 
husbandman. The sickle supplanted the rifle. 
Now the game had become less plenty. Birds 
there were, it is true, but the larger game had dis- 
appeared from the land, except in the old 
swamp. That was as it had always been. The 
settlers had been busy, and it was the clearing of 
the land, rather than the actual destruction of ani- 
mal life, that had driven off the game. Now and 
then a hunter had penetrated the tangle of the 
swamp in pursuit of a wounded animal, but its 
interior was still a mysterious unknown to:all. 
Within its gloomy recesses there was not much 
change. Here the bear was still to be: found and 
the deer fed there almost unmolested. The tur- 
