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re) HEN 
ni to study all the 
living vertebrate 









White Animals 
Notes on Normally White and Albinistic 
Vertebrates 
By DR... W. "SHUFELDT 
one comes 
forms that occur in the 
world—from (fishes to 
man—it will be noted 
that he often meets with 
individuals that are 
either wholly white with 
respect to their skin and 
hair, or only so in part. 
Those entirely white are 
either so normally—such 
as a few polar and sub- 
polar forms, while those 
that are white only in 
part are generally known 
as piebalds. When en- 
tirely white it may be 
due to albinism or ab- 
scence of coloring matter 
in the blood and dermal 
structures, as in the skin 
and hair or fur; while 
if normal, the species 
may always be white, as 
in some gulls among 
birds and the mountain goat among 
mammals. Still others exhibit seasonal 
changes in this respect—that is, they 
may possess white pelage or plumage 
during the winter months, and present 
an entirely different coloration at other 
times and seasons. 
Albinism may also occur among the 
lower forms down to include flowers and 
sometimes insects, though I must be- 
lieve it is comparatively rare there. 
Albino negroes have been met with and 
I have an excellent picture of one. 
Once I saw an entire family of al- 
binos; they were traveling with a fa- 
mous circus, and there were both men 
and women in the group. Their al- 
binism was complete, even to include 
pink eyes. They were an uncanny lot, 
and I did not feel at all comfortable 
when in their company, as I was al- 
lowed to shake their hands and talk to 
them for a few moments. One man, 
especially, I have never been able to 
forget—I can recall his features to 
the minutest detail at any time. His 
thick hair, side whiskers, and his skin 
were as white as white could be, while 
his eyes were bright pink—an odd- 
looking fish to be sure. 
T one time there was an albino ele- 
phant in Siam, which was treated 
with all the care and respect of a holy 
personage, and it was not allowed to 

A white weasel. 
be ridden by anyone, not even by 
royalty. 
Many years ago I made a short stay 
at Zuni, the famous Indian Puebla of 
New Mexico and Arizona. While there 
I met an albino Zunian, a man of about 
thirty-five years of age, and he surely 
was a most remarkable looking crea- 
ture. 
N the collection of mounted birds and 
mammals of the United States Na- 
tional Museum at Washington, there 
are some very fine specimens of al- 
binos, as quail, woodcock, meadow lark, 
weasels, opossums, and various others. 
Thanks to the courtesy of Dr. J. E. 
Benedict, Chief of Exhibits of that in- 
stitution, I was allowed to photograph 
a number of these, and I selected the 
picture of an albino weasel to illustrate 
what I have to say here. These albino 
animals do not appeal especially to me 
—in some instances quite the reverse, 
that is where it is not a regular pelage 
change for a definite purpose, and only 
amounts to a lack of, or an entire ab- 
sence of, coloring matter in the tissues. 
A few years ago I had, for a short 
while, a woodchuck that had been cap- 
tured in Virginia; it was a most per- 
fect albino, and I secured several fine 
negatives of it, prints from which have 
been published in one place or another. 
It is indeed remarkable what pro- 
In writing to Advertisers mention Forest and Stream. It will identify you, 
