

AUG. 31, 1907.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 

crops, or of collecting from the State for actual 
damage. Practically all choose the latter al- 
ternative. 
Geo. W. Clark, deputy warden for the North- 
ern District of Illinois, reported that his State 
had collected $180,000 last year from licenses, a 
fund sufficient to make the game protection de- 
partment independent and self-supporting. He 
related the successful experience of Illinois in 
rearing English pheasants on a large scale. 
The progress being made in the South in pro- 
tection of birds and game was discussed by T. 
Gilbert Pearson, of North Carolina, secretary 
of the National Association of Audubon So- 
cieties. Mr. Pearson is also State game warden 
of North Carolina by virtue of a law which 
makes the Audubon Society responsible for the 
execution of the game laws in that State. He 
outlined the purposes and methods of the so- 
ciety—which is absolutely non-political—its 
work being largely done through the schools, 
farmers’ granges and lectures. 
In some portions of the South game con- 
ditions are yet almost intolerable. In certain 
localities in Tennessee and North Carolina 
robins (game birds in that section) are shot by 
thousands, and even fed to the hogs. Seven 
theusand mourning doves were killed in one 
day near Augusta, Ga., last fall; $75,000 to 
$100,000 is paid each year for game in Currituck 
county, North Carolina. The sale of game and 
spring shooting of migratory fowl are universal 
in the South, and many Southern States have 
county game laws. Conditions are slowly im- 
proving, however, Alabama being a notable ex- 
ample, which State recently adopted a game law 
framed according to modern and enlightened 
ideas of game protection. 
Carlos Avery, executive agent of the Muin- 
nesota State Game and Fish Commission, dis- 
cussed the Minnesota ideals of game and fish 
protection as expressed in her laws—some ad- 
mirable features being the prohibition of the 
sale, cold storage or shipment of game. and 
spring shooting of either migratory waterfowl 
or native birds. Minnesota has had marked suc- 
cess in the hatching and distribution of native 
fish. She claims greater advantages and attrac- 
tions in fishing and hunting than any other 
State and will undoubtedly in time rival Maine 
as a tourists’ resort. 
An important feature of the convention was 
the presence of several national forest super- 
visors and rangers. It is the policy of the In- 
terior Department to co-operate with the State 
authorities of the several States in the protec- 
tion of game in the national forests. 
E. A. Sherman, chief inspector of the national 
forests for the district comprising Montana, 
Northern Idaho and Northern Wyoming, out- 
lined the work of the forest service with special 
reference to game protection. Forest super- 
visors and rangers are also made deputy game 
wardens wherever possible and work as much 
under the authority of the several State wardens. 
Among others to address the convention were 
Wim. N. Stephens, State game warden of Idaho, 
his chief deputy, B. T. Livingston, and Wm. F. 
Scott, State game and fish warden of Montana. 
Mr. Scott has reduced the work of his office to 
a model system, and the delegates received 
many valuable suggestions from his explanation 
of his methods. 
Full discussion was had _ of all subjects 
brought before the association, and every mem- 
ber received much valuable information. Presi- 
dent Scott directed the discussion in such a 
way as to elicit the most light possible. 
A resolution was introduced by Mr. Pearson 
expressing appreciation of the valuable work 
being done by the Biological Survey of the 
Department of Agriculture and recommending 
to Congress a substantial increase in the ap- 
propriation for this work. The resolution was 
unanimously adopted. 
A resolution was also adopted expressing the 
appreciation and thanks of the aésociation for 
the courtesies extended by Gen. Young, super- 
intendent of the park, and Major Allen, in com- 
mand of the troops stationed at Fort Yellow- 
stone. 
New officers were elected by the Association 
as follows: President, Wm. F. Scott, Helena, 
Montana; First Vice-President, T. Gilbert 
Pearson, Greensboro, N. C.; Second Vice-Presi- 
dent, L. T. Carleton, Augusta, Me.; Secretary, 
Chas. A. Vogelsang, San Francisco, Cal.; Treas- 
urer, Carlos Avery, St. Paul, Minn.; General 
Counsel, Joseph H. Acklen, Nashville, Tenn.; 
Directors—John W. Delano, Marion, Mass.; 
David E. Farr, Denver, Colo. 
At the close of the business session the mem 
bers, accompanied by the ladies of the party, 
proceeded on a tour of Yellowstone National 
Park, viewing its scenic beauties and wonderful 
natural phenomena, examing the natural range 
and, refuge of the wild game animals and ob 
serving them, contented and unafraid under the 
protection afforded in this, the most notable 
game refuge and preserve in all the world. 
A Stone Age Hunt. 
In old times it was not uncommon to pick 
up on the prairie buffalo bones in which the 
point of an Indian arrow remained. Many years 
ago a friend told us of having found a buffalo 
skull in the bone of which near a suture was im- 
beded a stone arrow point. For many years 
there has reposed in a pigeon hole in the edi- 
torial desk the cervical vertebra of a young buf- 
falo with an iron arrow point piercing its cen- 
trum. 
Such relics lend a peculiar interest to a re- 
port recently made in Denmark by Mr. H. A. 

POINT 
ARROW 
BUFFALO BONE PIERCED BY INDIAN 
Kjaer, district secretary for the Viking Club, 
who writes to the club’s Saga Book telling of 
the conclusions of three Danish antiquarians who 
examined the greater part of the skeleton of 
a urus found in North Zealand by a farmer. 
From the bones and the marks on them the 
students worked out the partial story of a hunt 
of the stone age, 
The urus was an extinct bovine animal of 
Europe which, however, is believed to have sur 
vived up to about 300 years ago, and which has 
left traces of its blood in some Welsh cattle, 
perhaps in the wild cattle of Chillingham, Eng- 
land, and in other places in Europe. It was 
spoken of by Czesar in his commentaries, and is 
believed to have been an animal of great size 
and power. By some writers it has been con 
fused with the European bison, but it was prob 
ably much less like a bison than like a cow. 
Mr. Kjaer writes: 
“Together with the bones the finder took up 
three small, very poor and irregular, flint flakes, 
a few-centimeters long. At first there was 
necessarily great doubt whether these could have 
formed part of a flint weapon. It was seen, 
however, on a close examination of the bones 
of the urus, that traces of two wounds inflicted 
by flint weapons were to be found on the ribs, 
the one old and healed up, the other fresh. Both 
are on the right side. In the ninth rib there 
was visible, toward the spine, a little round, 
raised scar, with a knotty and spongy texture 
of the bone. In this stood three’ small frag 
ments of flint, fast imbedded and overgrown 
with new bone. The wound had not penetrated, 
nor done any harm to the vital parts. 
“The other, fresher wound is in the seventh 
rib, about fifteen centimeters from its lower end. 
Here can be seen an oblong, rhomb-shaped scar, 
in which there still remain a couple of small 
splinters of either one or two flint weapons. It 
has gone right through the bone into the vital 
parts, straight into the lungs, and it is not un- 
likely that it is this wound that gave the urus 
his quietus. It is quite in the way of a wounded 
beast for the animal to have sought out the little 
lake from which the peat was afterward 
formed, and to have died there. Possibly it may 
also have been wounded by the three above men- 
tioned little flint flakes without this wound hay- 
ing left any trace in the framework of the bones. 
The skeleton is practically complete, though some 
few bones may have been lost while the carcass 
was driving about for some time on the surface 
of the lake. 
“Before this find only a small number of 
bones with a fixed chronological date 
known, and these mainly derived from _ the 
kitchen-middens of the older Stone Age, and, 
as a very rare exception, from the younger Stone 
bog 
eee 
urus 
were 


Age. From this we could draw the conclusion 
that the then existing inhabitants of Denmark 
knew how to capture this great and important 
animal, but we know nothing of the way in which 
it was hunted. We may certainly imagine that 
they caught it, for the most part, in pitfalls. 
But in the present case we have undoubtedly 
to do with the chase, with spear or bow and 
arrow. 
“Bones of animals which have been wounded 
by Stone Age weapons have twice before been 
found.’ 
We shall publish before very long an illus- 
trated article on arrows and arrow wounds which 
will show a number of human bones that have 
belonged to persons who have taken part 
long, Ilcng ago in battles of the Stone Age. 
The Old Guard. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Like a number of the older members of Forest 
AND STREAM’S large family I do not know whether 
I am entitled to claim a place in the “Old 
Guard,” but have been a reader for wel] nigh 
thirty years and an occasional contributor nearly 
as long; first, under the pen name “Ouachita,” 
and for the past twenty-three years under my 
present cognomen. 
A good many of the brightest stars in Forest 
AND STREAM’s firmament have gone down be 
neath the western horizon before the eyes of the 
writer, the most conspicuous of whom, which I 
believe is generally admitted, was the lamented 
Nessmuk, who sleeps in a grave near his Penn- 
sylvania home, beneath a monument erected by 
the Forest AND STREAM brotherhood. There are 
familiar 


probably few men who had so many 
acquaintances whom he never saw, and who 
never saw him. 
Some of my old-time special companions among 
ForEST AND STREAM contributors who are still 
living, as Ransacker, Horace Kephart, Charles 
Cristadoro and George Kennedy, have grown 
lazy, and now seldom send forth those illuminat- 
ing rays of wit and humor that erstwhile bright 

ened the pages of Forest AND STREAM. One 
striking aphorism uttered by Horace Kephart 
many years ago still clings to my memory, and 
is worthy to be perpetuated, is this: 
“When a man enters an Arkansas cane brake 
he is alone with his Maker,” the force of which 
is fully appreciated by one who has been there. 
was some time known, facetiously, as Forest 
AND STREAM’S snake editor, but with the grow- 
ing and lamentable scarcity of snakes that tripod 
has become vacant. 
Can anyone give me information about the 
dentition of the Indian cobra and the source of 
its venom? CoAHOMA 
Tue Forest AND STREAM may be obtained from 
any newsdealer on order. Ask your dealer to 
supply you regularly. 

