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MONG artists and ever among ethnolo- 
A gists there seems to be great doubt as to 
just how the bow case and quiver were 
carried. A long strap running from a point some- 
what below the top of the quiver passed over the 
chest and left was attached to the 
still the mouth of the 
Under ordinary circumstances the left 
supported the burden, the end of the 
bow and the feathered end of the arrows being 
shoulder and 
bow case further below 
quiver. 
shoulder 
above, or at the wearer’s left shoulder, and so 
within ready reach of the bowman’s right hand. On 
foot journeys, however, when every effort was 
made to distribute the weight in such fashion 
that the man should feel it least, the loop usu- 
ally passing over the left shoulder and under 
the right shifted that it passed 
across the upper part of the chest and about both 
the shoulder. 
arm was so 
In case of a sudden call for the use 
of the bow, a quick motion of shoulders 
front of 
both 
ind in 
the man, so that the supporting strap 
swung bow case and quiver aro 
now hung 
on his right shoulder, and bow and arrows were 

immediately in front of him, and in fact almost 
between his legs. The bow was now drawn 
irom the case, one end rested upon the ground 
left 
while the 
and was braced against the hol 
foot, the right 
ow of the 
knee bent the bow, 


string was slipped up to its nock: 
the 
almost with 
same motion half a dozen arrows 
drawn from the quiver and held some in the left. 
but two or three in the right hand, and the man 
were 

Was ready to fight. 
As has been said, the arrow was a compli- 
cated instrument. In its simplest form it con- 
sisted of a straight rod, notched at one end for 
bow-string, and with a point for piercing, or 
an enlargement for stunning; but in order to 
make it fly well, something was needed to 
Steady it, and this, as we know, was furnished 
by the feathers, which were attached close to 
the notched end. Commonly, these were three 
in number, but in some cases were only two, 
and, as will elsewhere be shown, sometimes 
feather was used. For the 
of the United States Indians 
Were single pieces of wood: yet in the North- 
west, and sometimes in the far North, there was 
another type of arrow where the shaft consisted 
but a single 
part the 
most 
aArrOWsS 
of twe pieces, the second being called the fore- 
Their Character and Uses in North America 

Wounds Caused by Them 
(Concluded from page 8to.) 
shaft, and being laid into the anterior part of 
the shaft. 
While it would be difficult to say which was 
he more important part of the arrow, since 
each combined with all the others to make a 
perfect weapon, it may at least’ be seen that 
ior the purpose of providing food, and of war, 
no would be of 
The Indians depended 
arrow much avail without a 
flesh food 
argely on their arrows, and though capturing 
he large animals on which they subsisted by 
means of traps, as elsewhere explained, they 
used their arrows to kill the captured animals. 
except where these were so small that they could 
be killed with clubs and sticks. 
read. for 

with 
Arrows 

Skull of Cavalryman pierced by Comanche Arrow Point 
in a fight near Fort Concho, Texas. 
fire-hardened wood points and with enlarged 
heads were employed by children and growing 
boys to kill birds, but for of adults 
something more efficient than these was needed, 
the use 
and this was found in sharpened points of flint 
stone. Such points are turned up in great num- 
bers by the plow to-day, and their extreme 
abundance shows very clearly how numerous 
they must have been in old times, and how uni- 
versal was the industry of arrow making. Be- 
sides such stone points, the arrows were often 
headed with fragments of bone, of antler, with 
strong thorns, hammered pieces of copper, and, 
in later times, with brass, bits of tin, bent into 
long cones and fitted around the point of the 
arrow, and finally with pieces of sheet-iron, at 
first made by the Indians themselves, and later 
stamped out by means of a die and sent out by 
the white men as articles of trade. 
Of all these materials we may imagine bone 
to have been the least effective, since bone is 
brittle, and if ground down to a flat thin surface 
it would be very likely to be shattered if with 
great force it struck the rib or any other larger 
bone of the The manufacture of the 
arrow called for the exercise of many different 
operations, and within the same tribe there were 
great differences in the arrows, depending on 
the skill with which they were made. Not all 
men could make arrows, and among those who 
were known as arrow makers there was much 
difference in the product. 
animal. 
The arrow makers 
of each tribe adapted to their use those ma- 
terials which long experience had taught were 
best suited for the work, and those men who 
made the best arrows were proud of their skill 
and were highly respected for it by their fellows. 
With no better implements than hammers of | 
stone, punches of bone, sharp stones for cutting 
and scraping, the sinew and the glue taken from 
the larger animals, the feathers procured from 
birds, the straight shaft of the chosen wood, 
the coloring material of mineral and vegetable 
matter, and the point of stone or bone, they 
completed the tool which in peace provided 
them with food, and in war their most 
efficient protection against their enemies. 
As in the case of the bow, abundant material 
for making arrows was always kept on hand. 
Was 
The straight shoots of the proper wood were 
gathered, roughly trimmed down, tied together 
in bundles, and put away to dry as 
When the 
taken out, 
straight as 
possible. time came for their use, 
smooth, and 
le use of an implement of bone 
or horn, which was pierced with two or three 
holes, a 
they were scraped 
straightened by t 
little larger than the diameter of an 

arrow shaft. The shaft was held in the left 
hand, and the straightener in the right. The 
arrow maker passed the shaft through one of 
the holes, and then by a sidewise motion of the 
straightener he bent the shaft a little to make 
it straight. This was repeated 
throughout the whole length of the shaft until 
it was approximately straight, the arrow maker 
operation 
frequently sighting along the shaft and working 
over it until satisfied with it. In this way he 














































































