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Foliage of Hemlock (1/ natural size) 
THE NAME TSUGA 
“In the beginning of scientific botanical practice the 
hemlock was included with the pines. It was labeled Pinus 
Canadensis by Linnaeus in 1763. Michaux, the French 
botanist, in 1796 grouped rt with the firs and named it Abies 
Canadensis, while later scientists included it with the 
spruces and called it Picea Canadensis. It was the cele- 
brated Austrian botanist, Stephen Ladislaus Endlicher 
(1804-1849) who in 1847 used the name “ Tsuga”’ which is 
the Japanese name for the hemlock, as a section in his genus 
Pinus. Later Elie Abel Carriere (1816-1896) a famous 
French botanist, in 1855, classified all the hemlocks into a 
separate family group under the generic name Tsuga. Thus 
this important section of our North American conifers 
bears a Japanese name, given ut by an Austrian, confirmed 
by a Frenchman and now accepted by scientists generally.” 
Tar Hemiock Anorerum BuLietin NuMBER 3 
Canada Hemlock 
(Tsuga Canadensis) 
OST graceful of all Evergreens is the title 
often bestowed on the Hemlock. Certain 
it is that few Evergreens can claim the 
charms of this tree, both in youth and in its elder 
years. Its long branches droop gracefully to the 
ground, and the branchlets bend willingly to the 
breeze. 
The common shape of the tree is conical, tapering 
evenly from a broad base to a long straight thrifty 
shoot. Most trees have a single main stem, but low 
wide-spreading trees may have several stems. 
In cultivation, when planted by itself in the open, 
it will develop a height of 25 feet or more with a 
spread of branches 10 or 12 feet wide. It is most 
often used in connection with other trees, when the 
growth is retarded a great deal. Forest trees often 
develop into great specimens. It is not wise to 
plant the Hemlock in open dry windswept places. 
It likes the north side of buildings, a partially 
shaded hillside or a partly protected spot. 
The needles are soft and delicate, not more than 
V4 to % inch long. The color is dark green on top, 
glaucous or whitish beneath. 
Because of its flexible branches, it can be severely 
trimmed, which accounts for its being used in 
foundation groups and elsewhere, in small spaces. 
When trimmed it can be made to grow very close, 
compact and shapely. As a screen or hedge, Hem- 
lock is greatly admired as it bears the shears well 
and grows thriftily in hedges. 

AL: £ DR ee Fa : 
An ideal location for Hemlocks. 
al 

A shady hillside. A quiet and restful spot 
