73 
creepers etc., pass through our state. These birds find and 
devour the great majority of such pups. Some years ago I 
had the position of five hundred chrysalids marked on an 
open board fence inclosing one side of a large vegetable 
garden. The chrysalids were inspected and counted each 
month during the winter. The following was the result: 
ee ee see ee 500 chrysalids 
NTO ee ee coed ws 450 se 
LIE 2 ep tape a hha a 308 x 
AY ahs ae a a ae rar 296 8 
NI Coe ee ek. et Oe ms 
DARI. tp Se et ae a 8 Oe 263 
fs Les sexe a aie ara es le dea 217 " 
DIN Cds eshte ok fa aR 43 sa 
During the early part of the winter, only the chrysalids near 
the ground were devoured, while during the spring, the higher 
ones were selected. The few remaining chrysalids were found 
in almost inaccesible places under the top-board and in deep 
cracks between the upright boards. This shows how benefi- 
cial birds and animals may be, and also how, with some pains 
on the side of the gardener, the greater part of such chrysalids 
could be destroyed, since there is ample time to find and des- 
troy them. 
As soon as spring has come to stay and the young cabbage- 
plants have been transplanted to the garden, we seethe few 
surviving butterflies that have hatched from the hibernating 
chrysalids, flying about and depositing eggs. In the mean 
time, however, other eggs have also been deposited on such 
plants as pepper-grass, shepherd’s purse, cresses and allied 
plants. Even the plants of other families do not escape: for in- 
stance, nasturtiums are greedily eaten. Large numbers of cab- 
bage butterflies were bred from such destructive weeds as the 
Russian-thistle or tamble-weed and on wild mustard. 
The eggs of our cabbage butterflies are most beautiful ob- 
jects and are, as a general rule, fastened near the tip of a leaf. 
They soon hatch and produce destructive caterpillars which, 
during their early stages, feed on the under side of the leaf 
and soon perforate it. The caterpillars of the first brood do 
not cause much damage, as the plant is a very hardy one, pro- 
ducing a large amount of foliage and growing rapidly; if, how- 
