on 
force-pump. Itis best to spray first with a strong solution 
of soap so as to partly dissolve the protecting material; this 
done, the emulsion can act much better. 
SAW-FLIKS. 
Saw-flies, sometimes called slugs, are members of the order 
of Hymenoptera, which includes such insects as bees, wasps, 
ichneumons, ants, chalcids, gall-flies, saw-flies and horn-tails. 
The adult hymenoptera are not frequently observed by the 
farmer and gardener, nor are their early stages noticed, as they 
are usually passed in well-hidden nests, or inside other living 
insects. Only the larvze of saw-flies form an exception, as 
these live often freely exposed like true caterpillars upon 
their food-plants. They resemble caterpillars so closely that 
they are usually called ‘‘false caterpillars.” They are dis- 
tinguished from true caterpillars of butterflies and moths by 
having a larger number of legs, possessing besides the six 
jointed or true legs from twelve to sixteen pro-legs, while the 
caterpillars of the former are usually provided with only ten 
pro-legs besides the true legs. Many of the saw-fly larvee 
_have the habit of curving the posterior half of the body side- 
ways, so as to somewhat resemble a snail, (Fig. 40). This 
habit may afford them some protection from the attacks of 




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Fig. 40.-Large Saw-fly; adult, larvae and open cocoon. 
