86 
beating this stick with another one the dust can be uniformly 
scattered over the plants. It is best to stand on the wind- 
ward side and to choose as quiet a day as possible for the work, 
as the powder blows away very easily and wastes. The cater- 
pillars are somewhat sticky and the dust readily adheres to 
them. The operation of dusting is most effective when the 
plants are still moist with dew. Although the dry powder is 
very effective, the result is just as certain and the application 
is more economical and safe, if the hellebore is applied with a 
liquid in the form of a spray, or with a syringe, or even with a 
sprinkler. It should be used in the proportion of one pound of 
powder to twenty or twenty-five gallons of water. In the form 
of a spray, it will not blow away and will cling much better to 
the plants and insects themselves. It kills both by contact and 
by being a poison. Sometimes it happens that the worms are 
doing great damage and no hellebore is at hand, or it is impos- 
sible to procure it in time to save the foliage and berries. In 
such cases, Paris-green or London-purple may be used, but 
never without milk of ime. The use of this is explained in the 
article on potato-bugs. For the currant-worm it should be 
diluted and used in the proportion of one pound of the powder 
to two-hundred gallons of water. Our gooseberry bushes are 
very apt to be troubled with blights. In view of this it is very 
good to mix Paris-green with Bordeaux-mixture, and at one 
spraying to kill both worms and blight. We should use two 
ounces of Paris-green or London-purple to twenty-five gallons 
of Bordeaux-mixture. When this mixture is used, we do not 
need milk of lime, for the lime of the Bordeaux- mixture answers 
the purpose of neutralizing any free acid that might be in solu- 
tion. The following is the formula for Bordeaux-mixture: 
copper-sulphate (blue-vitriol), 6 lbs.; unslaked lime, 4 lbs.; 
water, 22 gallons. Put the copper in a sack of burlaps and 
suspend it in 16 gallons of water until it isdissolved. Slake 
the lime in the other six gallons of water and strain the thin 
whitewash into the copper solution, stirring it well. Keep it 
well stirred and use at once. | 
Besides the insects already mentioned as being very destruc- 
tive to the currants and goosberries, there are still others, 
some of which are always injurious while others only in excep- 
tional cases. Fig. 42, Plate 8, shows the leaves of currants 
