o1 
exceptional, as but little oil is found in the possession of farm 
ers during the summer. 
The ‘‘hopperdozers” used at Tuyieiest Falls, Rush City, Du- 
luth and elsewhere, were made as follows: a sheet of ordinary 
sheet iron, such as is used for making stove-pipes, was turned 
up one and one-half inches around the edges and riveted at the 
corners. This made a shallow pan about eight feet long, two 
feet broad and one and one-half inches deep. ‘To the bottom of 
this were riveted the six small strips which could be fastened 
to the three runners on which the pan rested. ‘To the rear side 
of the pan was screwed a light wooden frame, as long as the 
pan and one and one-half feet high. Over this frame a piece 
of canvas was stretched. This frame served the important 
office of throwing back all those grasshoppers that otherwise 
would jump clean over the pan, and throw them into the oil. 
The runners on which the pan stood were usually made from 
saplings or small pieces of board having an upward curve in 
front to prevent them from catching in the ground. The front 
ends of the runners were all fastened by screws to a cross- 
piece which was, in turn, drawn by two ropes, one at each end. 
These ropes were joined in front and fastened to a single-tree, 
(Fig. 29, Plate 3). Sometimes two ‘‘hopperdozers” were fast- 
ened to a long pole by means of short ropes; this was very ea- 
sily drawn byone horse. Just in front of the pan was fastened 
a piece of rope which swept the ground a few inches in ad- 
vance, and served to stir up the hoppers and make them jump 
into the pans. In the pan was laid a piece of cloth, which was 
first thoroughly saturated with water. Abouta pint of kero- 
sene was then thrown in and the upright sheet or sail of can- 
vas moistened with oil. The machine was then drawn over the 
pasture or wherever the hoppers were thickest. In a short 
time it was usually seen to be partially filled with dead and 
dying insects. 
The slightest touch of kerosene, either from the pan or 
from the canvas sheet, means death to the hopper, for 
the oil spreads over its body in the same way that a single 
drop will spread over a large surface of water. It seems to 
produce a paralysis, which is first shown by the stiffening of 
the legs. A very large proportion of the hoppers that came in 
contact with the oil in the pan immediately jumped out again, 
