40 
eggs, which wintered well, and produced a correspondingly 
large army of destructive locusts in 1898. Towards the end of 
June the writer investigated the actual conditions existing in 
and near Duluth, and discovered avery peculiar state of affairs. 
As is well known grasshoppers do not like to rest upon moist 
ground, but always crawl away from it by climbing upon higher 
plants, or fences and outhouses if such are near. While in 
Duluth it rained, and consequently the grasshoppers tried to 
escape to more elevated positions than the wet soil. They did 
so by crawling upon the walls of houses, which were crowded 
with them. Strange to say cea all the grasshoppers found 
: , in the lower part of the city 
were members of the pellu- 
cid species, while the lesser 
migratory species could on- 
ly be found near or upon the 
top of the hills. To express 
FIG. 19.--Sarcophaga carnaria var --a. lar- this fact in numbers 1000 
va; b, pupa; ¢, fly. the hair lines showing grasshoppers were caught 
average natural length. (After Riley.) with a net on the front of 
a house on Second street, and were carefully inspected; all 
were pellucid locusts (Camnula pellucida Scud.). Another 
thousand were captured in the same way on Fourth street: 880 
were pellucid locusts, 96 were the lesser migratory locusts 
( Melanoplus atianis Ril.), and 24 were the commen red-legged 
locust (Melanoplus femur-rubrum De G.) Still another thousand 
were captured at the base of a large building, the Pavilion, 
which is located on the top of the hill overlooking the wonder 
ful scenery of Duluth and its harbor. Here it was found that 
972 specimens belonged to the lesser migratory species, 3 to 
the pellucid, and 25 to the red-legged kind. This peculiar. dis- 
tribution of the two migratory species was also seen elsewhere; 
wherever the soil was thoroughly dry and well drained, the 
lesser migratory species was found in largest numbers, but 
where the soil was moist or near water or swampy places, the 
pellucid species was most numerous. In 1894 the locusts be- 
came very numerous and caused considerable damage in and 
near Duluth, by almost denuding the lawns and gardens near 
that city. They were in the beginning of the season most 
numerous in the more elevated places and upon the slopes of 


