THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 33 
tive caterpillar can readily be kept in check by the use of 
Paris green and at a very slight cost. But we can not ex- 
pect that the owner of a few shade trees will go to the ex- 
pense of buying a spraying outfit, even if this should be much 
cheaper than it is. It seems to the writer that as the city re- 
ceives the benefit of having beautiful and shady streets it 
should also provide for keeping the trees that make them so 
ina healthy and vigorous condition, free from dust and worms. 
It would be best to place the Park Commission in charge of 
the trees ornamenting the streets, and let them see to it that 
they are not defoliated year after year. This need not be an 
expensive undertaking as the evil can or should be nipped in 
the bud by paying proper attention to the trees and their 
needs. 
THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 
(Typhlocyba spec.). 
For a number of years the above insects have been more 
numerous than usual and have caused considerable annoy- 
ances and losses, and as they seem to be still on the increase 
it was considered important to discover methods and means 
to prevent their increasinginjuries. Not only have our grape- 
vines suffered very greatly, but the beautiful Virginia creepers, 
so often utilized to adorn houses in and about the cities, have 
also been more or less injured by these leaf-hoppers. A glance 
at fig. 19, plate V, reveals how a grape-vine leaf is disfigured 
by the numerous insects seen resting onits underside; here are 
also shown other white objects, the characteristic empty 
pupal skins. A leaf infested with these insects has a mottled 
appearance, and in course of time becomes yellow, brown, 
and eventually drops off. The larger illustrations show a 
larva, pupa, and two different adults. | 
Early in the season the vine-yards in the vicinity of Lake 
Minnetonka were reported to be suffering again from these 
insects, and the assistant, Mr. Pettit, made a number of 
trips to make some experiments. He visited especially the 
vine-yards of Mr. Reel, at Christmas Lake, who kindly as- 
sisted him in many ways, and gave him permission to utilize 
his vines for all and anyexperimental purposes with the hope 
