36 THE GRAPE-VINE LEAF-HOPPERS. 
but few, if any, of the insects are killed. At the same time 
another test was made of the effectiveness of the kerosene 
and water spray against the leaf-hoppers which were at this 
season largely immature; three strengths were used, viz: 
1:10, 1:15, 1:20 of water, and beside spraying several rows 
of vines, leaves which were covered with insects, were 
picked off and sprayed separately. It was found that when 
1:20 was used it killed very few, 1:15 killed many of them, 
while 1:10 killed the great majority, but the difficulty of 
reaching all the leaves and thoroughly spraying the whole 
vine was very great as the foliage was at this time fully de- 
veloped and very dense, and the insect invariably hides on 
their under side.”’ 
The above report shows that an’extract made of tobac- 
co, and sold under the name ‘‘Scabcura Sheep-dip” proved 
of considerable value, and that if applied early in the season 
we possess in it the means of protecting our grapes. Experi- 
ments early next year will show better, however, the true 
value of this substance. 
Prevention is always better than cure, and much can be 
done to prevent the undue increase of these insects. They 
winter in all kinds of rubbish found in and about the vine- 
yards and adjoining woods and fields. All such rubbish 
should becollected and burned after the first frosts have driven 
the insects into their winter quarters. By doingso many are 
killed by the fire, and still more are exposed to theinclemency 
of the winter and perish. This burning should be general, as 
the insects migrate to some distance to find suitable quarters 
for winter; hence the rubbish or dead leaves in neighboring 
woods should also be burned. The neighbors should unite 
in this work because if one person in the midst of many vine- 
yards should neglect to do his duty he can harbor enough of 
these insects to endanger all his neighbors’ vines. If mulch- 
ing is used this material will offer, as longasstill fairly fresh, 
most excellent hiding-places for these leaf. hoppers; and es- 
pecial care should be taken to prevent them from utilizing 
such places for hibernation, This can be done in various 
ways, depending upon the conditions; but everyone recog- 
nizing this danger will doubtless find means to lessen or over- 
come the same. 
