164 THE HORN-FLY. 
double row of peculiar fleshy mobile organs on the last six 
segments. The larva or maggot is very active and soon 
reaches its full size, when it contracts in the usual way and 
becomes a reddish-brown puparium, less than half its former 
length. The whole life-cycle from egg to fly requires but 
twelve to fifteen days. 
Tobacco-powder dusted among the hairs is a fairly good 
remedy; it will not entirely prevent the fly from settling up- 
on the animal, but will repel them before they have had 
time to bite. Other remedies will be given later. The true 
remedy, however, is to prevent these flies from breeding, and 
this is not such avery difficult matter as it might seem. The 
larve of this fly can exist only in soft, almost liquid manure. 
All that is necessary to do is to accelerate the drying of this 
food,a matter not at all difficult in our usually dry summers. 
This may be done by spreading all fresh droppings every 
day, when the moisture will be absorbed and the food will 
become too dry for the maggots. Neither would a general 
distribution of such manure destroy the value of the same. 
The liberal application of plaster to the manure removed 
from the stable, in which eggs were deposited, as well as in 
the manure-heap, deprives the maggots of food and at the 
same improves the value of the fertilizer. Cleanliness is as 
essential in stables as elsewhere, and clean stables do not 
possess the attraction for such insects that the neglected 
ones do. To make the remedy of depriving the maggots of 
appropriate food as effective as possible united and persis- 
tent action throughout the invaded region is absolutely 
necessary, and it should be put in operation very early in 
summer, for if postponed until late it will not be of much 
benefit. 
All flies mentioned thus far, with the exception of the 
horn-fly, can become exceedingly dangerous to man and his 
servants, the domesticated animals, in another way quite in- 
dependent from their bites. All are buzzards on a small 
scale, and remove much of the disease-breeding material apt 
to be found near the domicile of man. Beingscavengers they 
must necessarily come in contact with dead animals, which 
may have been killed by a contagious disease, and thus they 
