New York Agricultural Experiment Station. 
101 
*rd qualities, on the other hand, the percentage is greater in the 
rt of the trees not sprayed. 
It seems probable that in orchards badly affected with the scab, the 
mage might be sufficiently lessened by the use of hyposulphite of 
da to abundantly pay the slight cost of the applications. In cases 
ere trees are to be sprayed for the codling moth, the salt could be 
solved in the same water that contains the poisoning material used, 
d thus the cost of a special application might be saved. Hyposul- 
"te of soda is a white, crystalline salt, very readily soluble in water, 
d is not poisonous. It may be purchased at the ordinary village 
ug store at from six to ten cents per pound, and if ordered in larger 
uantities from a wholesale house, could be had correspondingly less. 
2. The "Audoynaud Process." 
Two of the formulse that have been recommended by the Depart- 
ent of Agriculture for the treatment of the downy mildew and black 
t of the grape, are also recommended as being possible preventives 
f the apple scab. One of these, viz., No. 2, of the third circular of 
e Section of Vegetable Pathology, was tested at the station. It con- 
' ts of one j)ound of sulphate of copper, dissolved in three or four 
allons of warm water, to which is added when cool, one pint of 
"mmercial ammonia, when the whole is diluted with water to twenty- 
o gallons. 
It was found that at the strength noted, the liquid was too strong 
r the foliage of apple trees. Where one application was made, the 
aves showed decided injurious effects, and where three were made 
e damage was correspondingly greater. The trees not being under 
normal conditions of growth, no estimate of the effect upon the fungus 
was made. Indeed, in the trees treated three times, the larger part of 
the fruits, in the sprayed part, fell off before maturity. 
A STUDY OF THE MOVEMENTS OF SOIL WATER 
Under this head is reported: 
1. The influence of atmospheric pressure upon percolation. 
2. Experiments on capillary action in soils. 
3. Progress in measuring the soil moisture. 
4. A new lysimeter. 
5. The height of water in wells. 
t 
